Linux system disk formatting and manually adding swap partition

Windows: Support NTFS, FAT

Linux supports file formats:

Run cat /etc/filesystems to view the file formats supported by Centos 7.

xfs Centos 7 default file system name is xfs

Mount view /dev/vda1 on / type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered)

Disk formatting

mke2fs -t exet4 specifies the file system format to be formatted
mke2fs -b specifies the block size

For example: mke2fs -t ext4 -b 2048 /dev/sdb1 #Specify the file system format as ext4, the block size as 2048k, and format the /dev/sdb1 disk (the principle is the same as Windows formatting)

blkid View unmounted partitions

mkfs.ext4 = mke2fs -t ext4

mke2fs -b 8192 /dev/sdb1

Note: Regarding the distinction between 8192 and 4096:

When storing large files such as videos, 8192 is recommended to speed up reading and writing.
When storing small files, 4096 or 2048 is recommended.

When formatting the hard disk, 5% of the space will be reserved for the root user, which will take up a lot of space. Set the reserved space:

mke2fs -m 1 /dev/sdb1 Set the reserved space to 1%
mke2fs -m 0.1 /dev/sdb1 sets the reserved space to 0.1%
mkfs.ext4 -m 0.1 /dev/sdb1

If the file system format is not specified, the default is ext2.

mke2fs -i 8192 ext4 /dev/sdb1 sets 8192 bytes as one inode

Set the file format to xfs

mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1

Swap space: up to 8G

1. Simulate disk

dd if=/dev/zero of=/newdisk bs=1M count=100
Notes:
Creating zero is not a space, it is a file
/dev/zero is a special device that contains a constant stream of "0"
If specifies the source device
ofSpecify the target device

Check the swap disk sizeCheck the swap disk size
du -sh /name

2. Formatting

swap format
mkswap /path

Add the newly created swap space to the original swap space.

First check the current swap space.

free -m

Hang it on the original swap space.

Tip: unsafe permission 0644, it is recommended to use 0600. Although the prompt appears, it will still be mounted to the original swap space.

To ensure security, you can modify permissions

chmod 0600 /newdisk

Uninstall the swap space and delete it directly to restore the original space.

1 swapoff /newdisk
2 rm -f /newdisk

blkid View file format