Clean XHTML syntax
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Writing XHTML demands a clean HTML syntax. Writing XHTML requires using clean HTML syntax -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Some More XHTML Syntax Rules: More XHTML syntax rules: Attribute names must be in lower case Attribute names must be lowercase Attribute values must be quoted Use double quotes for attribute values Attribute minimization is forbidden Property shorthand is not allowed The id attribute replaces the name attribute Use the id attribute instead of the name attribute The XHTML DTD defines mandatory elements XHTML DTD defines mandatory elements -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Attribute Names Must Be In Lower Case Attribute names must be lowercase This is wrong: This is wrong: <table WIDTH="100%">This is correct: that's right: <table width="100%"> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Attribute Values Must Be Quoted Attribute values must be enclosed in double quotes This is wrong: This is wrong: <table width=100%>This is correct: that's right: <table width="100%"> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Attribute Minimization Is Forbidden Property shorthand is not allowed This is wrong: This is wrong: <input checked> <input readonly> <input disabled> <option selected> <frame noresize>This is correct: The correct answer is this: <input checked="checked" /> <input readonly="readonly" /> <input disabled="disabled" /> <option selected="selected" /> <frame noresize="noresize" />Here is a list of the minimized attributes in HTML and how they should be written in XHTML: Here is a list of attributes that are shorthand in HTML and how they should be written in XHTML: HTML XHTML compact compact="compact" checked checked="checked" declare declare="declare" readonly readonly="readonly" disabled disabled="disabled" selected selected="selected" defer defer="defer" ismap ismap="ismap" nohref nohref="nohref" noshade noshade="noshade" nowrap nowrap="nowrap" multiple multiple="multiple" noresize noresize="noresize" -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The id Attribute Replaces The name Attribute The id attribute replaces the name attribute HTML 4.01 defines a name attribute for the elements a, applet, frame, iframe, img, and map. In XHTML the name attribute is deprecated. Use id instead. For a, applet, frame, iframe, img and map, HTML 4.01 defines a name attribute, which is deprecated in XHTML and should be replaced by id. This is wrong: This is wrong: <img src="picture.gif" name="picture1" />This is correct: that's right: <img src="picture.gif" id="picture1" />Note: To interoperate with older browsers for a while, you should use both name and id, with identical attribute values, like this: Note: For older browsers, you should use both the name and id attributes and make them both have the same value, like this: <img src="picture.gif" id="picture1" name="picture1" />IMPORTANT Compatibility Note: Compatibility notes: To make your XHTML compatible with today''s browsers, you should add an extra space before the "/" symbol. To make your XHTML compatible with current browsers you should add a space before the / tag -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Lang Attribute Lang Attributes The lang attribute applies to almost every XHTML element. It specifies the language of the content within an element. The lang attribute can be applied to almost all XHTML elements. It specifies the language of the content within the element If you use the lang attribute in an element, you must add the xml:lang attribute, like this: If you want to apply the lang attribute to an element, you must add the xml:lang attribute, like this: <div lang="no" xml:lang="no">Heia Norge!</div> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mandatory XHTML Elements Mandatory XHTML Elements All XHTML documents must have a DOCTYPE declaration. The html, head and body elements must be present, and the title must be present inside the head element. All XHTML documents must have a DOCTYPE declaration. The html, head, and body elements must appear, and the title must be in the head element This is a minimum XHTML document template: This is a minimal XHTML document template <!DOCTYPE Doctype goes here> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>Title goes here</title> </head><body> Body text goes here </body></html>Note: The DOCTYPE declaration is not a part of the XHTML document itself. It is not an XHTML element, and it should not have a closing tag. Note: The DOCTYPE declaration is not part of the XHTML document itself. It is not an XHTML element either, and it should not have a closing tag. Note: The xmlns attribute inside the <html> tag is required in XHTML. However, the validator on w3.org does not complain when this attribute is missing in an XHTML document. This is because "xmlns=http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" is a fixed value and will be added to the <html> tag even if you do not include it. Note: XHTML documents require the xmlns attribute to appear within the html tag. However, the w3.org validator will not report an error due to the absence of this attribute in your XHTML document. This is because "xmlns=http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" is a fixed value, even if your document does not contain it, it will be automatically added. You will learn more about the XHTML document type definition in the next chapter |
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