Summary of common commands for Ubuntu servers

Most of the commands below need to be entered in the console/terminal/shell.
Any command prefixed with 'sudo' requires administrator (or root) access rights. So you will be prompted to enter your own password.

View software xxx installation content

Check the usage of graphics card

nvidia-smi

Check hard disk usage

df -hl # Check the remaining disk space
df -h # View the partition size of each root path

View user quotas and usage

quota -uvs username

Open visdom

python -m visdom.server

You can add parameters later, such as opening the 9099 port in encrypted mode.

python -m visdom.server -port 9010 -enable_login

View the information corresponding to a process

ps -f PID_number

For example:

ps -f 10101

View the login records of a specified user

last username

File compression Compressed folder

zip A.zip ./A/*
tar zcvf FileName.tar.gz DirName

Unzip the folder using zip

unzip A.zip

View the size of sub-files and directories under a directory

du ./A/ -d 1 -h

View the number of files in a directory

ls -l | grep "^-" | wc -l

Batch copy files with specific file names

cp ~/train/dog.{1000..1399}.jpg ~/PycharmProjects/test/data/validation/dogs/

Move a folder

mv ./A/* ./B/ # Move A to B

Copy a folder

cp -Rf /home/user1/* /root/temp/

# Copy everything in the /home/user1 directory to /root/temp/ without copying the user1 directory itself.

Deleting Files/Folders

rm ./A/1.jpg # delete file
rm -Rf ./A/ # delete folder

When there are too many files to be deleted, an error may be reported:

rm argument list too long

The solution is as follows

This problem occurs when deleting a large number of files in Linux. It can be solved by combining it with the find command.

Change rm -f *.jpg to: find . -name "*.jpg" | xargs rm -f "*.jpg" . Note that this command will delete files in subdirectories. You can add -maxdepth to specify the maximum file depth. If it is 1, it means the current directory.

Specifically, the frequently used codes are:

find . -name "*iter10*" | xargs rm -f "*iter10*"

Create a folder

makedir folderName

Check IP address

ifconfig -a

Execute multiple commands simultaneously

1. Each command is separated by ;: each command will be executed, but it is not guaranteed that each command will be executed successfully.
2. Each command is separated by &&: the following command will be executed only if the previous command is executed successfully. Ensure that all commands are executed successfully.
3. Each command is separated by ||: || means or. The next command will be executed only when the previous command fails, until a command is successfully executed.

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Check the cuda version

cat /usr/local/cuda/version.txt

Screen related commands

# View the current screen list
screen -ls
# Created screen
screen -S name
# Open the detached screen window
screen -r <session-id>
# Open the attached screen window, -D -r kick out the previous user first, then log in.
screen -D -r <session-id>
# Exit screen
screen -r <session-id>
exit

View software xxx installation content

dpkg -L xxx

Find software in the software library
apt-cache search regular expression or

aptitude search

Package displays statistics of system installed packages

apt-cache stats

Display the names of all packages available on the system

apt-cache pkgnames

Display information about a package

apt-cache show k3b

Find which package a file belongs to

dpkg -S filename
apt-file search filename

Check which packages are installed

dpkg -l

Query which packages software xxx depends on

apt-cache depends xxx

Query which packages software xxx depends on

apt-cache rdepends xxx

Add a CD source

sudo apt-cdrom add

System Update

sudo apt-get update (this step updates the package list)
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade (this step installs all available updates)

or

sudo apt-get upgrade (this step installs application updates, not new kernels, etc.)

View the temporary storage directory of the downloaded package when installing the software

ls /var/cache/apt/archives

Clear the cache of old versions of software

sudo apt-get autoclean

Clear all software caches

sudo apt-get clean

Remove orphaned software that is no longer used by your system

sudo apt-get autoremove

Completely remove Gnome

sudo apt-get --purge remove libqt3-mt libqtcore4

One-click installation of LAMP server

sudo tasksel install lamp-server

View the modules loaded by the kernel

lsmod

View PCI Devices

lspci

View USB Devices

lsusb#
Add parameter -v to display the descriptors of USB devices

lsusb -v

Check the network card status

sudo apt-get install ethtool
sudo ethtool eth0

Get the CPU serial number or motherboard serial number

#CPU IDsudo dmidecode -t 4 | grep ID
#Serial Number
sudo dmidecode | grep Serial
#CPUsudo dmidecode -t 4
#BIOS
sudo dmidecode -t 0
#Motherboard:
sudo dmidecode -t 2
#OEM:
sudo dmidecode -t 11

Display system uptime

uptime

Partition Mount

sudo mount -t file system type device path access path

# Common file types are as follows: iso9660 CD-ROM file system, vfat fat/fat32 partition, ntfs ntfs partition, smbfs windows network shared directory, reiserfs, ext3, xfs Linux partition
#If the Chinese name cannot be displayed, try adding -o nls=utf8 or -o iocharset=utf8 at the end
#If you need to mount it so that ordinary users can also use it, add umask=022 after the -o parameter, such as: -o nls=utf8,umask=022

Partition Unmount

sudo umount directory name or device name

Run interactive programs in the background, and do not terminate the program after logging out.

sudo apt-get install screenscreen vim a.txt
#Exit directly and use screen -ls
# 1656.pts-0.ubuntu (Detached)screen -r 1656
#Restore# hotkey, press Ctrl and a keys at the same time, then press the function key Ca ?
# Display all key binding information Ca w
#Show all window lists Ca Ca
#Switch to the previously displayed window Ca c
#Create a new window to run the shell and switch to it.
#Switch to the next window Cap
#Switch to the previous window (relative to Ca n) Ca 0..9
#Switch to window 0..9C-aa
#Send Ca to the current window Ca d
#Temporarily disconnect the screen session Ca k
# Kill the current window

Check the network card address based on IP

arping IP address

View the current IP address

ifconfig eth0 |awk '/inet/ {split($2,x,":");print x[2]}'

Common server commands

1: View installed software

ps -ef | grep nginx

2: The port is occupied

netstat -anp | grep 8801

2.2, query the process number by program name:

ps aux | grep program name

2.3, Query process details by process ID

ps -ef | grep 28332

kill -9 2237

//win -----netstat -aon|findstr "8801" —kill the process taskkill -pid 5288 -f

3: Restart nginx

nginx -s reload

nginx 502 [Server down]

4; Unzip the war package

jar -xvf foodsafety.war

4: =Global Deployment====================

nohup java -jar detecation-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar > nohup.out 2>&1 &

nohup java -jar shareniu.jar &

nohup means running the command without interruption. When the account is logged out or the terminal is closed, the program will still run.

5: View the program

5.1, view the file path: rpm -ql program name
5.2, Check whether the program is running normally: rpm -qa program name
5.3, check the listening port number: netstat -tnlp

// nginx error nginx: [error] open() "/run/nginx.pid" failed (2: No such file or directory)
1, nginx
2, nginx -s reload //Restart the forward proxy client and reverse proxy server. 】

6: =Check the jdk path=

which java

7: Register the jar package as a server =

7.1, create the executable file .sh file

vim demo-start.sh
#!/sh

nohup /usr/local/java/jdk1.8.0_171/bin/java -jar
/home/demo/jar/demo.jar > /home/demo/jar/demo.log &
echo $! > /var/run/demo.pid

7.1.2, Create the executable .sh file vim demo-stop.sh

#!/bin/bash
PID=$(cat /var/run/demo.pid)
kill -9 $PID

Check the JDK path: which java

7.2, create a .service script and start it automatically at boot
cd /usr/lib/systemd/system

[Unit]
Description=demo
After=syslog.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/root/demo/sh/demo-start.sh
ExecStop=/root/demo/sh/demo-stop.sh
PrivateTmp=true

7.3, Related commands

Restart the configuration file systemctl daemon-reload

Start/Stop/Restart/View Status
systemctl start/stop/restart/status xxx.service
Set up automatic startup
systemctl enable xxx.service
View the console log
journalctl -u xxx.service
journalctl -f -u xxx.service

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

8.1, Find file: find / -name file name

8.2, Check whether the project is started: ps ef|grep project name

Added common server commands

IP: 111.111.111.111
Link software: PUTTY

Server connection user: username
Link password: userpwd

Common file paths are as follows:
ftp - mysql password: vsftp.txt under the username root, t.sh under the same path is used to batch generate ftp users, and automatically generate the corresponding website directory name under /webroot/ (vsftp.txt, the first column is the username, the second column is the directory name, and the third column is the password)

Apache2 virtual directory configuration: /etc/apache2/sites-available/default, if you need to add it, just add it at the bottom

Common operation commands:

cd ~, enter the root of user username
sudo vim vsftp.txt, edit the file, default read mode, press "/" to enter the quick search state, press insert to enter the edit mode, press esc to return to the read mode, ":wq!" and ":q!" are forced to save and forced not to save respectively, without the exclamation mark, it means save and not save
sudo ./t.sh, automatically runs to create ftp users and the website directory name under "/webroot/"

sudo chown www-data:www-data /webroot/directory name -R, change the directory permission to the ftp master user

sudo vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/default, edit the apache configuration file

sudo service apache2 restart, restart apache2, other services can also be used, restart is restart, stop is shutdown, start is start. To restart a service, you can also use: sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

sudo service mysql restart, same as above (all services are in the /etc/init.d/ directory)

sudo du -h directory name to view the total size of the directory

sudo rar x filename.rar, decompress the rar file, decompress the full path
sudo rar a compression name.rar compress directory or file, compress file or directory

sudo mkdir directory name, create a directory
sudo rm -rf directory name, delete directory or file
sudo rm -rf directory name/*, delete all files in the directory, do not delete the directory
sudo cp -r source directory or file target directory or file

ln -s /www/xxx.xml /www/xxx/sitemap.xml, the method to create a soft link is: ln -s real file virtual file but you need to create the virtual file and the real file first

/webroot, the root directory of the website
/backup is the total backup directory, /backup/mysql is mysql backup, /backup/www is the total website backup directory, /backup/other is other backup directories, backup is done once every Friday/Saturday, and the backup needs to be compressed and the source deleted after compression

The password created for ftp is the mysql password. You need to manually create a mysql user. To delete the mysql user, use the command: drop user username@localhost. This is the end of this article on the summary of commonly used commands for servers Ubuntu. For more related commonly used Ubuntu commands, please search for previous articles on 123WORDPRESS.COM or continue to browse the following related articles. I hope you will support 123WORDPRESS.COM in the future!