How to upgrade all Python libraries in Ubuntu 18.04 at once

What is pip

pip is a Python package management tool that provides the functions of searching, downloading, installing, and uninstalling Python packages.

Upgrade pip version

By default, the pip that comes with Ubuntu (pip 9.0.1) is based on Python 2.7. We need to reinstall pip based on Python 3:

sudo apt-get install python3-pip

=Upgrade pip3 version:

python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip

Check the pip version of Python3. If the following error is reported:

ImportError: cannot import name main

Solution: Edit the usr/bin/pip3 file

Before modification:

from pip import main
if __name__ == '__main__':
  sys.exit(main())

After modification:

from pip import __main__
if __name__ == '__main__':
  sys.exit(__main__._main())

Verify that the fix has taken effect successfully: pip3 -V

The terminal prints:

pip 19.3.1 from /home/work/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip (python 3.6)

Next, upgrade all Python packages with one click

Just write a Python script to execute it. Here is the code:

import pkg_resources
from subprocess import call
 
for packages in [dist.project_name for dist in pkg_resources.working_set]:
  call("pip3 install --upgrade " + ''.join(packages) + ' --user', shell=True)

Because the pip corresponding to my Python3 is pip3, the pip in the script call("pip3 install --upgrade " + ''.join(packages) + ' --user', shell=True) should be written as pip3

Next, let's check what other packages there are in the historical versions of Python:

pip3 list --outdated

The terminal prints:

Package Version Latest Type
----------- ------- ------ -----
distro-info 0.0.0 0.10 sdist
pycairo 1.16.2 1.18.1 sdist
pycups 1.9.73 1.9.74 sdist
pygobject 3.26.1 3.34.0 sdist

Then use these non-upgraded packages

pip3 install --upgrade package name to be upgraded

Commands can be upgraded one by one

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