Shtml Concise Tutorial

Shtml and asp are similar. In files named shtml, some instructions of ssi are used, just like the instructions in asp. You can write SSI instructions in SHTML files. When the client accesses these shtml files,
The server will read and interpret these SHTML files, and interpret the SSI instructions contained in the SHTML files. For example, you can use SSI instructions in the SHTML file to reference other HTML files (#include). The file sent by the server to the client is the interpreted SHTML without SSI instructions. It realizes functions that HTML does not have, that is, it can realize dynamic SHTML, which can be said to be an evolution of HTML. Sina's news system is like this. The news content is fixed, but the advertisements and menus on it are referenced using #include.
At present, there are mainly the following uses:
1. Display server-side environment variables <#echo>
2. Insert text content directly into the document <#include>
3. Display WEB document related information <#flastmod><#fsize> (such as file creation date/size, etc.)
4. Directly execute various programs on the server <#exec> (such as CGI or other executable programs)
5. Set the SSI information display format <#config> (such as file creation date/size display method)
Advanced SSI <XSSI> can set variables using if conditional statements.

Using SSI
SSI is a set of commands provided for WEB servers. These commands can be directly embedded in the comment content of HTML documents. like:
<#include file="info.htm"-->
It is an SSI instruction, which copies the contents of "info.htm" to the current page. When visitors browse it, they will see the contents of info.htm displayed like other HTML documents.
The usage of other SSI instructions is basically the same as the example just now. It can be seen that the use of SSI is just to insert a little code, and the usage is very simple.
Of course, if the web server does not support SSI, it will simply treat it as comment information and skip the content; the browser will also ignore this information.

How do I configure SSI functionality on my web server?
On some WEB servers (such as IIS 4.0/SAMBAR 4.2), files containing #include directives must use extensions that have been mapped to the SSI interpreter; otherwise, the Web server will not process the SSI directive; by default, the extensions .stm, .shtm, and .shtml are mapped to the interpreter (Ssinc.dll).
Apache depends on your settings. Modify srm.conf as follows:
AddType text/x-server-parsed-html .shtml will only parse SSI directives for files with the .shtml extension
AddType text/x-server-parsed-html .html will parse SSI directives for all HTML documents
Netscape WEB server can enable SSI function directly by using Administration Server.
Website uses the Mapping tag in the Server Admin program, and the extension adds the content type: wwwserver/html-ssi
The Cern server does not support SSI. You can use the SSI scam method and download a PERL script from http://sw.cse.bris.ac.uk/WebTools/fakessi.html to make your CERN server use some SSI instructions. (The exec directive is not supported.)

SSI instruction basic format
The basic format of SSI instructions is:
Program code:

<!-– Command name="Command parameters">
<!-– Command name="Command parameters">
Such as program code:

<#include file="info.htm"-->
<#include file="info.htm"-->
illustrate:
1.  is a comment in HTML syntax. When the WEB server does not support SSI, this information will be ignored.
2. #include is one of the SSI directives.
3. file is the parameter of include, info.htm is the parameter value, which refers to the name of the document to be included in this instruction.

Notice:

1. There is no space between 


This document's name: Program code:



Current time: Program code:



Your IP address is the program code:




#include Demonstration function:
Insert the contents of a text file directly into a document page.
grammar:
Program code:

<#include file="file name"-->
<#include virtual="file name"-->
<#include file="file name"-->
<#include virtual="file name"-->
file The file name is a relative path, relative to the directory where the document using the #include directive is located. The included file can be in the same directory or its subdirectories, but not in the previous directory. For example, if it means the nav_head.htm document in the current directory, then file="nav_head.htm".
The virtual file name is the full path to the virtual directory on your Web site. For example, if it means the nav_head.htm file in the hoyi directory under the server document root directory, then file="/hoyi/nav_head.htm"
parameter:
file specifies the location of the included file relative to this document
virtual specifies the location relative to the server document root. Note:
1. The file name must have an extension.
2. The included file can have any file extension. I think it is most convenient to use the .htm extension directly. Microsoft recommends using the .inc extension (it depends on your preference).

Example:
Program code:

<#include file="nav_head.htm"-->Insert the header file into the current page
<#include file="nav_foot.htm"-->Insert the footer file into the current page
<#include file="nav_head.htm"-->Insert the header file into the current page
<#include file="nav_foot.htm"-->Insert the footer file into the current page

#flastmod and #fsize Demonstration: #flastmod The date the file was last updated
#fsize file length syntax:
Program code:





parameter:
file specifies the location of the included file relative to this document, such as info.txt means the info.txt document in the current directory
virtual specifies the location relative to the server document root directory, such as /hoyi/info.txt. Note:
The file name must have an extension.
Example:
Program code:



Insert the last updated date of the news.htm file in the current directory into the current page program code:



Enter the file size of news.htm in the current directory into the current page
#exec Demonstration function:
Inserts the output of an external program into the page. Can be inserted into a CGI program or into a regular application, depending on whether the cmd or cgi argument is used.
grammar:
Program code:





parameter:
cmd General Application
cgi CGI script program example:
Program code:

The password file will be displayed
 will display the file list in the current directory
 will execute the CGI program gb.cgi.
 will execute the CGI program access_log.cgi.
The password file will be displayed
 will display the file list in the current directory
 will execute the CGI program gb.cgi.
 will execute the CGI program access_log.cgi.
Notice:
As you can see from the examples above, this instruction is quite convenient, but it also has security issues.
Prohibited methods:
． Apache, delete the line "Options Includes ExecCGI" in access.conf;
． In IIS, to disable the #exec command, modify the SSIExecDisable metabase;
#config
Purpose: Specifies the format of error messages, dates, and file sizes returned to the client browser.
grammar:
Program code:







parameter:
errmsg Customize SSI execution error messages in any way you like.
sizefmt file size display mode, the default is bytes ("bytes"), can be changed to kilobytes ("abbrev")
timefmt Time display mode, the most flexible configuration attribute.
Example: Display the size of a non-existent file program code:





Display file size in kilobytes

Program code:





Display time program code in a specific time format:


 Display today's day of the week, month, time zone



 Display today's day of the week, month, time zone



XSSI
XSSI (Extended SSI) is a set of advanced SSI instructions built into the mod-include module of Apache 1.2 or higher.
The available commands are:
#printenv
#set
#if
#printenv
Function: Display all environment variables currently existing in the WEB server environment.
Syntax: Program code:



Parameters: None Example:
Program code:




#set
Function: You can assign values to variables for use in subsequent if statements.
Syntax: Program code:



Parameters: None Example: Program code:




#if
Purpose: Creates a page that can change data that is displayed based on the calculation requirements when using an if statement.
Syntax: Program code:


Display content

Display content

Display content


Display content

Display content

Display content

Example:
Program code:


Welcome to the server security discussion area http://www.31896.net/.

Welcome to the Fineacer Computer Network Security Online http://www.fineacer.org/.

Welcome to the Server Security Forum!


Welcome to the server security discussion area http://www.31896.net/.

Welcome to the Fineacer Computer Network Security Online http://www.fineacer.org/.

Welcome to the Server Security Forum!

Note: The backslashes used in the previous directives are used to replace the inner quotes so that they are not interpreted as ending the expression. Cannot be omitted.

1. Config command

The Config command is mainly used to modify the default settings of SSI. in:

Errmsg: Set the default error message. In order to return the error message set by the user normally, the Errmsg parameter must be placed before other SSI commands in the HTML file, otherwise the client can only display the default error message instead of the custom message set by the user.



Timefmt: Defines the format used for date and time. The timefmt parameter must be used before the echo command.




The result is:

Wednesday, April 12, 2000

Perhaps users are unfamiliar with the %A %B %d used in the above example. Below we summarize some of the more commonly used date and time formats in SSI in the form of a table.

Sizefmt: Determines whether file sizes are expressed in bytes, kilobytes, or megabytes. If bytes are used, the value is "bytes"; abbreviations for kilobytes and megabytes can be used. Similarly, the sizefmt parameter must be placed in front of the fsize command to be used.




2. Include command

The Include command can insert text or images from other documents into the currently parsed document, which is the key to the entire SSI. With the Include command, you can update your entire site instantly by just changing one file!

The Include command has two different parameters:

Virtual: Gives a virtual path to a document on the server. For example:

<#include virtual="/includes/header.html" -->

File: Give a relative path to the current directory. You cannot use "../" or an absolute path. For example:

<#include file="header.html" -->

This requires that each directory contains a header.html file.

3. Echo Command

The echo command can display the following environment variables:

DOCUMENT_NAME: Displays the name of the current document.



The result is:

index.html

DOCUMENT_URI: Displays the virtual path of the current document. For example:



The result is:

/YourDirectory/YourFilename.html

As your website continues to grow, those increasingly long URLs can definitely be a headache. If you use SSI, all of this will be solved. Because we can combine the website's domain name with the SSI command to display the full URL, that is:

http://yourdomain%3c!--/#echo var="& ... uot; -->

QUERY_STRING_UNESCAPED: Displays the query string sent by the client without escape processing, in which all special characters are preceded by an escape character "". For example:



DATE_LOCAL: Displays the date and time in the server's set time zone. Users can customize the output information by combining the timefmt parameter of the config command. For example:




The result is:

Saturday, the 15th of April, in the year 2000

DATE_GMT: Same functionality as DATE_LOCAL, except that the date returned is based on Greenwich Mean Time. For example:



LAST_MODIFIED: Displays the last update time of the current document. Similarly, this is a very practical function in SSI. Just add the following line of simple text in the HTML document to dynamically display the update time on the page.



CGI Environment Variables

In addition to the SSI environment variables, the echo command can also display the following CGI environment variables:

SERVER_SOFTWARE: Displays the name and version of the server software. For example:

SERVER_NAME: Displays the server's host name, DNS alias, or IP address. For example:

SERVER_PROTOCOL: Displays the protocol name and version used by the client request, such as HTTP/1.0. For example:

SERVER_PORT: Displays the server's response port. For example:

REQUEST_METHOD: Displays the client's document request method, including GET, HEAD, and POST. For example:

REMOTE_HOST: Displays the host name of the client that issued the request information.

REMOTE_ADDR: Displays the IP address of the client that issued the request information.

AUTH_TYPE: Displays the authentication method of the user.

REMOTE_USER: Displays the account name used by the user accessing the protected page.


4. Fsize: Displays the size of the specified file. The output format can be customized by combining the sizefmt parameter of the config command.



5. Flastmod: Displays the last modification date of the specified file. The output format can be controlled by combining the timefmt parameter of the config command.




Here, we can use the flastmod parameter to display the update date of all linked pages on a page. Here’s how:


<A HREF="/directory/file.html">File</A>

<A HREF="/another_directory/another_file.html">Another File</A>

The result is:
File April 19, 2000
Another File January 08, 2000

6. Exec

The Exec command can execute CGI scripts or shell commands. Here’s how to use it:

Cmd: Use /bin/sh to execute the specified string. If the IncludesNOEXEC option is used with SSI, this command will be blocked.

Cgi: can be used to execute CGI scripts. For example, the following example uses the counter.pl script in the server's cgi-bin directory to place a counter on each page:

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