Detailed explanation of several methods of installing software in Linux

1. RPM package installation steps:

1. Find the corresponding software package, such as soft.version.rpm, and download it to a directory on the local computer;

2. Open a terminal and su - to become the root user;

3. cd the directory where soft.version.rpm is located;

4. Enter rpm -ivh soft.version.rpm

Detailed introduction:

1. Installation:

I can finish my sentence with just one simple sentence. implement:
rpm –ivh rpm package names are more advanced, see the table below:
rpm parameter parameter description
-i Install software
-t Test installation, not real installation
-p displays the installation progress
-f Ignore any errors
-U upgrade installation
-v detects whether the suite is installed correctly. These parameters can be used at the same time. For more information, please refer to the RPM command help.

2. Uninstall:

I can also finish my words with just one simple sentence. implement:
rpm –e software name However, please note that the software name is used afterwards, not the software package name. For example, to install the software-1.2.3-1.i386.rpm package, you should execute:
rpm –ivh software-1.2.3-1.i386.rpm
When uninstalling, execute:
rpm –e software.
In addition, Linux also provides graphical RPM tools such as GnoRPM and kpackage, making the whole process easier.

2. Deb package installation steps:

1. 1. Find the corresponding software package, such as soft.version.deb, and download it to a directory on your local computer;
2. 2. Open a terminal and su - to become the root user;
3. 3. cd the directory where soft.version.deb is located;
4. 4. Enter dpkg -i soft.version.deb

Detailed introduction:
This is a package manager provided by Debian Linux, which is very similar to RPM.

But since RPM appeared earlier, it is commonly found in various versions of Linux.

The Debian package manager dpkg only appears in Debina Linux and is generally not available in other Linux versions.

1. Installation

dpkg –i deb software package name such as: dpkg –i software-1.2.3-1.deb

2. Uninstall

dpkg –e software name, such as: dpkg –e software

3. Query: Query the software packages installed in the current system:

dpkg –l ‘*package name*’
For example: dpkg –l '*software*'

3. Tar.gz source code package installation method:

1. 1. Find the corresponding software package, such as soft.tar.gz, and download it to a directory on your local computer;
2. 2. Open a terminal and su - to become the root user;
3. 3. cd the directory where soft.tar.gz is located;
4. 4. tar -xzvf soft.tar.gz //A soft directory will usually be generated
5. 5. CD soft
6. 6. ./configure
7. 7. make
8. 8. make install

Detailed introduction:

1. Installation:

The entire installation process can be divided into the following steps:

1. 1) Obtaining application software: by downloading or purchasing a CD;
2. 2) Decompress the file: Generally, the tar package will be compressed again, such as gzip, bz2, etc., so you need to decompress it first. If it is the most common gz format, you can execute: "tar –xvzf package name" to complete the decompression and unpacking work in one step. If not, use the decompression software first, then execute "tar –xvf
3. tar package" to unpack;
4. 3) Read the attached INSTALL file and README file;
5. 4) Execute the “./configure” command to prepare for compilation;
6. 5) Execute the "make" command to compile the software;
7. 6) Execute “make install” to complete the installation;
8. 7) Execute “make clean” to delete temporary files generated during installation.

Okay, that’s it. We can run the application. But at this time, some readers will ask, how do I execute it? This is also a Linux-specific issue. In fact, generally speaking, the executable files of Linux application software are stored in the /usr/local/bin directory! However, this is not a truth that is applicable everywhere. The most reliable way is to look at the INSTALL and README files of the software, which usually provide instructions.

2. Uninstall:

Usually, software developers seldom consider how to uninstall their software, and tar only completes the packaging work, so it does not provide a good uninstall method.
Does that mean it cannot be uninstalled? Actually, it is not. There are two software that can solve this problem, namely Kinstall and Kife, which are the golden partners for tar package installation and uninstallation.

4. Installation method of tar.bz2 source code package:

1. 1. Find the corresponding software package, such as soft.tar.bz2, and download it to a directory on your local computer;
2. 2. Open a terminal and su - to become the root user;
3. 3. cd the directory where soft.tar.bz2 is located;
4. 4. tar -xjvf soft.tar.bz2 //A soft directory will usually be generated
5. 5. CD soft
6. 6. ./configure
7. 7. make
8. 8. make install

5. Installation using apt: (installing deb package)

1. 1. Open a terminal and su - to become the root user;
2. 2. apt-cache search soft Note: soft is the name of the software you are looking for or related information
3. 3. If the software soft.version is found in 2, use the apt-get install soft.version command to install the software

Note: As long as you have internet access, you only need to use apt-cache search to find the software and apt-get install the software.

Detailed introduction:

Apt-get is a package management tool for Debian and Ubuntu distributions, which is very similar to the yum tool in Red Hat.
The apt-get command usually requires root privileges to execute, so it is usually followed by the sudo command, for example, sudo apt-get xxxx

apt-get install packagename - install a new package (see aptitude below)
apt-get remove packagename——Uninstall an installed package (keep the configuration file)
apt-get --purge remove packagename——Uninstall an installed package (delete configuration files)
dpkg --force-all --purge packagename ——Some software is difficult to uninstall and also blocks the use of other software. You can use this, but it is a bit risky.
apt-get autoremove——Because apt will back up all installed or uninstalled software on the hard disk, if you need space, you can use this command to delete the software you have deleted.
apt-get autoclean – Run this command periodically to clean out .deb files of packages that have been uninstalled. In this way, a lot of disk space can be freed up. If the need is urgent, you can use apt-get clean to free up more space. This command will remove the .deb files of the installed software packages.
apt-get clean——This command will also delete the backup of the installed software, but this will not affect the use of the software.
apt-get upgrade – Update all installed packages
apt-get dist-upgrade——Upgrade the system to the new version
apt-cache search string - Search for a string in the package list
apt-cache showpkg pkgs——Display package information.
apt-cache stats - Check how many software are in the library
apt-cache dumpavail – Prints a list of available packages.
apt-cache show pkgs——Displays package records, similar to dpkg –print-avail.
apt-cache pkgnames - prints the names of all packages in your package list (you need to run this command regularly to ensure your package list is up to date)

Simply put: dpkg can only install deb packages that have been downloaded to the local machine. apt-get can download and install deb packages online and update the system.
It can also automatically handle dependencies between packages, which is not available in the dpkg tool.

6. Yum installation: (install rpm package)

rpm is a Linux software package name, ending with .rmp. The syntax for installation is: rpm -ivh.
A big disadvantage of installing the rpm package is that the files are too closely related. Sometimes, when installing a software, you need to install many other software packages, which is very troublesome.
Therefore, RedHat developed the yum installation method, which can completely solve this correlation problem. It is very convenient. You only need to configure two files to install it. The installation method is: yum -y install.
Yum is not a package, but a software installation package

Simply put: rpm can only install rpm packages that have been downloaded to the local machine. yum can download and install rpm packages online and can update the system.
It can also automatically handle dependencies between packages, which is not available in the rpm tool.

7. Installation of bin file:

If the software you downloaded is named soft.bin, it is usually an executable file. The installation method is as follows:

1. 1. Open a terminal and su - to become the root user;
2. 2. chmod +x soft.bin
3. 3. ./soft.bin //Run this command to install the software

8. Software that does not need to be installed:

Some software, such as lumaqq, does not need to be installed. It can be run directly after decompressing the built-in jre. Assumptions

The downloaded file is lumaqq.tar.gz, and the usage is as follows:

1. 1. Open a terminal and su - to become the root user;
2. 2. tar -xzvf lumaqq.tar.gz //This step will generate a directory called LumaQQ
3. 3. cd LumaQQ
4. 4. chmod +x lumaqq //Set the lumaqq program file to be executable
5. 5. Now you can run lumaqq, just use the command ./lumaqq, but each time you run it, you must enter the full path or switch to the LumaQQ directory you just generated
6. 6. To ensure that it can be used without setting the path, you can create a lumaqq link in the /bin directory, use the command ln -s lumaqq /bin/, and then you can start the QQ chat software by opening a terminal and typing lumaqq at any time.
7. 7. If you want lumaqq to have a menu item, use a menu editing tool, such as Alacarte Menu Editor, find lumaqq in the LumaQQ directory generated above and set a menu item. Of course, you can also go directly to the /usr/share/applications directory and generate your own desktop file according to the format of other *.desktop files in it.

Software Installation

There are two main different forms of software installation under Linux. The first installation file is named filename.tar.gz. Another installation file is named filename.i386.rpm. Software released in the first way is mostly sent in source code form. The second way is to release it directly in binary form. i386 means that the software is compiled according to the Inter 386 instruction set.

For the first one, the installation method is as follows:

First, copy the installation files to your directory. For example, if you are logged in as root, copy the software to /root.
#cp filename.tar.gz /root
Since the file is compressed and packed, it should be unzipped. The command is: #tar xvzf filename.tar.gz
After executing this command, the installation file is decompressed in the current directory according to the path. Use the ls command to see the decompressed files. Usually among the files generated after decompression, there is a file named "INSTALL". This file is a plain text file that describes in detail how to install the software package.

For most software that needs to be compiled, the installation method is roughly the same. Execute the executable script named configure generated after decompression. It is used to check whether the system has the libraries required for compilation, whether the library version meets the compilation requirements, and other system information required for installation. Prepare for subsequent compilation work. The command is: #./configure
If any error is found during the check, configure will give a prompt and stop checking. You can configure the system according to the prompts. Re-execute the program. After the check passes, the MakeFile file for compilation will be generated. At this point, you can start compiling. The compilation process takes different amounts of time depending on the size of the software and the performance of the computer. The command is: #make
After successful compilation, type the following command to start the installation: #make install
After the installation is complete, the temporary files generated during the compilation process and the files generated during the configuration process should be cleared. Type the following commands: #make clean #make distclean

At this point, the software installation is complete.

For the second type, the installation method is much simpler.

As with the first method, copy the installation file to your directory. Then use rpm to install the file. The command is as follows: #rpm -i filename.i386.rpm

rpm will automatically unpack the installation files and install the software to the default directory. And register the software installation information into the rpm database. The parameter i is used to put rpm into installation mode.

In addition, there are some commercial software under the Linux platform. In its installation file, there is a Setup installation program, and its installation method is the same as that under the Windows platform. Such as: Corel WordPerfect.

Uninstalling the software

Software uninstallation is mainly done using rpm. To uninstall software, you must first know the name of the software package registered in the system. Type the command: #rpm -q -a

You can query all the software packages installed in the current system. The parameter q is used to put rpm into query command mode. Parameter a is a sub-parameter of the query mode, meaning ALL. The information found is too much and can be displayed on a smaller screen.

Now that you have determined the name of the software you want to uninstall, you can begin the actual uninstallation of the software. Type the command: #rpm -e [package name] to uninstall the software.

The function of parameter e is to put rpm into uninstall mode. Uninstall the package named [package name]. Because the various software packages in the system are dependent on each other. If the uninstallation cannot be performed due to dependencies, rpm will prompt you and stop the uninstallation.

You can use the following command to ignore dependencies and start uninstalling directly: #rpm -e [package name] -nodeps Uninstalling by ignoring dependencies may cause other software in the system to become unusable. You can use #rpm -e [package name] -test to make rpm perform an uninstall rehearsal instead of actually uninstalling it. This allows you to check if the software has any dependencies. Are there any errors during the uninstallation process?

The above is a detailed explanation and integration of several methods of installing software in Linux introduced by the editor. I hope it will be helpful to everyone. If you have any questions, please leave me a message and the editor will reply to you in time. I would also like to thank everyone for their support of the 123WORDPRESS.COM website!