Complete steps to build NFS file sharing storage service in CentOS 7

Preface

NFS (Network File System) means network file system. Its biggest function is to allow different machines and different operating systems to share each other's files through the network. Simply put, you can mount the shared directory of the remote host to the local computer, just like operating the local disk, which makes it very convenient to operate remote files.

This article will explain to you how to install and configure NFS server on CentOS7.

Let’s take a look at the detailed introduction.

Prepare

We need two CentOS7 machines. We use virtual machines for testing, one as NFS server and one as client. The configuration is as follows:

NFS server ip: 192.168.11.31.

Client ip: 192.168.11.34.

Our goal is to share a directory on the NFS server and directly operate the files in this shared directory on the client.

NFS Server Configuration

1. Install NFS service

First, use yum to install the nfs service:

yum -y install rpcbind nfs-utils

2. Create a shared directory

Create a shared directory on the server and set permissions.

mkdir /data/share/
chmod 755 -R /data/share/

3. Configure NFS

The configuration file of nfs is /etc/exports. Add a line to the configuration file:

/data/share/ 192.168.11.34(rw,no_root_squash,no_all_squash,sync)

This line of code means to share the shared directory /data/share/ to the client IP 192.168.11.34. The content in the brackets is the permission parameter, where:

rw means setting the directory to be readable and writable.

sync means that the data will be written to the memory and hard disk synchronously. On the contrary, rsync means that the data will be temporarily stored in the memory first instead of being written directly to the hard disk.

no_root_squash If the NFS client uses root to connect to the server, it also has root permissions for the directories shared by the server.

no_all_squash No matter what user the NFS client uses to connect to the server, it will not have anonymous user permissions for the directories shared by the server.

If there are multiple shared directory configurations, use multiple lines, one for each configuration. After saving the configuration file, you need to execute the following command to make the configuration take effect immediately:

exportfs -r

4. Set up a firewall

If your system does not have a firewall enabled, this step can be omitted.

NFS firewalls are particularly difficult to deal with because, in addition to the fixed ports 111 and 2049, there are other services such as rpc.mounted that open unfixed ports, which makes it more troublesome for the firewall. To solve this problem, we can set up a port configuration file for the NFS service.

Modify the /etc/sysconfig/nfs file and remove the comments of the following content. If it does not exist, add it:

RQUOTAD_PORT=1001
LOCKD_TCPPORT=30001
LOCKD_UDPPORT=30002
MOUNTD_PORT=1002

After saving, add the port to the firewall permission policy. implement:

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=111/tcp --add-port=111/udp --add-port=2049/tcp --add-port=2049/udp --add-port=1001/tcp --add-port=1001/udp --add-port=1002/tcp --add-port=1002/udp --add-port=30001/tcp --add-port=30002/udp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload

5. Start the service

Start the rpcbind and nfs services in order:

systemctl start rpcbind
systemctl start nfs

Add to startup:

systemctl enable rpcbind 
systemctl enable nfs

After the nfs service is started, you can use the rpcinfo -p command to check whether the port is effective.

After the server is installed, we can use the showmount command to see if the server (this machine) is connectable:

[root@localhost ~]# showmount -e localhost
Export list for localhost:
/data/share 192.168.11.34

The above results indicate that the NFS server is configured properly.

Client Configuration

1. Install rpcbind service

The client only needs to install the rpcbind service, without installing nfs or enabling the nfs service.

yum -y install rpcbind

2. Mount the remote nfs file system

View the shared directories on the server:

[root@localhost ~]# showmount -e 192.168.11.31
Export list for 192.168.11.31:
/data/share 192.168.11.34

Create a mount directory and execute the mount command:

mkdir -p /mnt/share
mount -t nfs 192.168.11.34:/data/share /mnt/share/ -o nolock,nfsvers=3,vers=3

If -onolock,nfsvers=3 is not added, the owner and group of files in the mounted directory are both nobody. If nfsvers=3 is specified, root is displayed.

If you want to unmount it, you can execute the command:

umount /mnt/share

3. Automatically mount at startup

If you configure it as described above, NFS is deployed. However, if you restart the client system, you will find that it cannot be mounted with the machine and you need to manually mount it again. This operation is troublesome, so we need to set it to automatically mount at startup. We do not need to write the mount item to the /etc/fstab file, because when booting, the local disk is mounted first and then the network is started, and NFS can only be mounted after the network is started, so we can write the mount command to the /etc/rc.d/rc.local file.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local
#Add a line at the end of the file:
mount -t nfs 192.168.11.34:/data/share /mnt/share/ -o nolock,nfsvers=3,vers=3

Save and restart the machine to see.

Test verification

To view the mount result, enter df -h on the client.

File system capacity used available used% Mount point /dev/mapper/centos-root 18G 5.0G 13G 29% /
devtmpfs 904M 0 904M 0% /dev
tmpfs 916M 0 916M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 916M 9.3M 906M 2% /run
tmpfs 916M 0 916M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 164M 334M 33% /boot
tmpfs 184M 0 184M 0% /run/user/0
192.168.11.31:/data/share 18G 1.7G 16G 10% /mnt/share

Did you see the last line? It means it has been mounted successfully. Next, you can go to the directory /mnt/share on the client, create/delete files, and then check whether the directory /data/share on the server has any effect. Similarly, operate on the server in the corresponding directory on the client to see the effect.

Summarize

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