How to create and run a Django project in Ubuntu 16.04 under Python 3

Step 1: Create a Django project

Open the terminal and switch to the address of the project you want to write: cd python3_django_projects;

Enter the command: django-admin.py startproject Hello; (that is, a project named Hello is created)

Step 2: Start the project

Enter the Hello directory: cd Hello;

Enter the command python manage.py runserver; or python3 manage.py runserver; (corresponding to your own Python version)

Step 3: Enter http://127.0.0.1:8000/ or http://localhost:8000 in the browser (8000 is the default port number)

If you need to change the port number: python manage.py runserver 9999; or python3 manage.py runserver 9999;

In the browser, enter: http://127.0.0.1:9999/ or: http://localhost:9999

Seeing this page means success

Step 4: Use pytharm (not necessarily pycharm, any python compiler you are used to will do) to open the created Hello project, and remember to change the corresponding interpreter. Ubuntu 16.04 comes with python 2.7 and python 3.5, but I downloaded python 3.6, and Django is also in python 3.6, so I need to change the interpreter in pycharm.

Step 5: Project Directory Introduction:

1.manage.py: The entry point of the command line toolset for interacting with the project, i.e. the project manager. You can execute python manage.py or python3 manage.py to view all commands. (Like runserver above, it starts the server)

2.Hello directory: A container for the project, containing the most basic configurations of the project. The directory name can be modified, but it is not recommended, because many configuration files have already written a lot of configurations with this name, and a small change can affect the entire system. If you really can't stand the loneliness or want to understand it in depth, you can try to change it. As a novice, I didn't try it anyway.

• wsgi.py: Chinese name: python server network management interface. The interface between the Python application and the web server is very important. Don't touch it lightly. It will be troublesome if it is broken. It is generally not used when writing projects. (Let him be a handsome man quietly)
• urls.py: URL configuration file. All addresses (pages) in the Django project need to be configured by ourselves.
• URLsettings.py: A very important file, which is the core file of the entire project and the overall configuration file of the project. It includes various configurations such as database, web application, time, etc.

1.BASE_DIR: the root directory of the project

2. Project security code. This is required to start a project. Django will automatically generate this when it is created.

3. DEBUG

There must be bugs in the code. If DEBUG = True, the exception will be passed directly to the front end of the web page. It is usually turned on when writing code to facilitate error finding, but it must be turned off in actual production and users must not see this. ALLOWED_HOSTS = []: If you add something in it: such as ALLOWED_HOSTS = [localhost], Django will only allow access to the page through localhost, and all others will be blocked, including 127.0.0.1.

4.INSTALLED_APPS = []

These are some applications that come with Django. After we create an application, we need to write the name in it so that it can be recognized by Django, otherwise it will not recognize it.

5.MIDDLEWARE = ​​[ ]: Translated into Chinese, it means middleware.

Django comes with some tool sets, you don't need to worry about them, just know them.

6.ROOT_URLCONF = 'Hello.urls'

The root file of the URL points to the urls.py file mentioned above.

7.TEMPLATES = [ ] Templates

In Django, templates are HTML files one by one. The templates here are the configuration of the template, so don’t worry about it for now. I'll look at this later when I write my own template.

8. WSGI_APPLICATION, ignore it, as a newbie I don’t understand it either.

DATABASES

Database related configuration

The sqlite3 database is used by default. If you want to use other databases, go to the link address commented above to find out how to configure it. If you don't use other databases, you don't need to change it.

10.AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [ ], related to password authentication, ignore it now.

11.

Internationalization refers to things like time and language. LANGUAGE_DODE = 'en-us' means English by default, and TIME_ZONE = 'UTC' means the UTC time zone by default.

12. Static file address

Such as the address of css, javascript, images and other files

4.__init__.py: The file that declares the module in Python. Generally, its content is empty. With it, our myblog becomes a module and can be directly referenced in the code.

Now that we have understood all the files in this directory, let's create an application.

Step 6: Create an application.

Switch to the same directory as manage.py and enter python3 manage.py startapp hello_world or python3 manage.py startapp hello_world in the command line to create an application named hello_world. The file structure is:

Then remember to add the application name to INSTALLED_APPS in settings.py.

An application has been created successfully!

Step 7: Understand the role of the files under the application:

1. migrations: data migration module, operations related to the database. Everything under this folder is automatically generated by Django, so you don’t need to worry about it.

2. admin.py: The backend management system configuration file under this application. Each Django application comes with a backend system.

3. apps.py: Some configurations of the current application are automatically generated after Django 1.9. There are no such configurations in previous versions. In theory, we can not use it.

4, models.py: data module. All data tables will be created here in the future. Django involves a framework called ORM. If you want to know more, you can search it on Baidu. I don’t know what it is either. . . . . . Similar to Models in the MVC structure.

5,test.py: Automated testing module, where we can write corresponding codes (scripts) to perform corresponding tests.

6, views.py: executes the response logic code, the main location for code logic processing. Most of the project code is written here.

Step 8: Create the first page (responsive)

1. Edit views.py under hello_wrold:

2. Configure URLS:

Open urls.py in the Hello directory

After saving the file, enter http://127.0.0.1:8000/index/ or http://localhost:8000/index/ in your browser and you will see hello, world.

urlpatterns = [] is a list containing the paths of all web pages in this project. index/ is the web address of hello, world we just wrote, hello.index is a function under hello, but we imported the views.py file under the hello_world application as hello, so hello.index is a function under the views.py file under the hello_world application.

Summarize

The above is the operation method introduced by the editor to create and run a Django project under Python 3 in Ubuntu 16.04. I hope it will be helpful to everyone. If you have any questions, please leave me a message and the editor will reply to you in time. I would also like to thank everyone for their support of the 123WORDPRESS.COM website!

So far, we have written a simple hello, world. I am also a newbie and I don’t understand many things. If there are some mistakes, I hope you can help me correct them, I will be very grateful.