Linux Samba server super detailed installation and configuration (with problem solving)

In the embedded system development application platform, tftp, nfs and samba servers are the most commonly used file transfer tools. Tftp and nfs are frequently used transfer tools in the embedded Linux development environment, and samba is a file transfer tool between Linux and Windows.

Samba is a communication protocol that imitates the SMB of Windows Network Neighborhood, which "pretends" the Linux operating system to be a Windows operating system and transfers files through the Network Neighborhood.

Virtual machine version: VMware10

Linux operating system version: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5

Introduction to Samba Server

Samba is a free software that implements the SMB (Session Message Block) protocol on Linux systems to achieve file sharing and printer service sharing.

Samba Server Components

Samba has two main processes: smbd and nmbd. The smbd process provides file and print services, while nmbd provides NetBIOS name services and browsing support, helps SMB clients locate servers, and handles all UDP-based protocols.

Samba server related configuration files

/etc/samba/smb.conf
This is the main configuration file for samba. Basically, there is only this file, and the description of this configuration file itself is very detailed. The main settings include server global settings, such as workgroup, NetBIOS name and password level, and shared directory related settings, such as actual directory, shared resource name and permissions.

/etc/samba/lmhosts
The early NetBIOS name required additional configuration, so the IP file corresponding to the NetBIOS name of this lmhosts is needed. In fact it's a bit like what /etc/hosts does! It’s just that the host name corresponding to this lmhosts is the NetBIOS name! Do not confuse with /etc/hosts! Currently, Samba will use your local hostname as your NetBIOS name by default, so it does not matter if this file is not set.

/etc/sysconfig/samba
Provide the service parameters you want to add when starting smbd and nmbd.

/etc/samba/smbusers
Since the administrator and guest account names in Windows and Linux are different, for example: administrator (windows) and root (linux), in order to correspond to the account relationship between the two, you can use this file to set

/var/lib/samba/private/{passdb.tdb,secrets.tdb}
Database files used to manage Samba user accounts/passwords;

/usr/share/doc/samba-<version>
This directory contains all relevant technical manuals of SAMBA! That is to say, after you have installed SAMBA, your system already contains a very rich and complete SAMBA user manual! It's worth being happy! ^_^, so, hurry up and refer to it yourself!

As for the commonly used script files, if divided into server and client functions, there are mainly the following data:

• /usr/sbin/{smbd,nmbd}: Server functions, including the two most important service programs: permission management (smbd) and NetBIOS name query (nmbd);
• /usr/bin/{tdbdump,tdbtool}: Server function. In Samba 3.0 and later versions, the user account and password parameters have been converted to use the database! The database name used by Samba is TDB (Trivial DataBase). Since we are using a database, of course we have to use the database's control instructions to process it. tdbdump can be used to view the contents of the database, while tdbtool can be used to enter the database operation interface to manually modify the account and password parameters. However, you need to install the tdb-tools software;
• /usr/bin/smbstatus: Server function, which can list the current Samba connection status, including the PID of each Samba connection, shared resources, used user source, etc., allowing you to easily manage Samba;
• /usr/bin/{smbpasswd,pdbedit}: server function. When managing Samba user accounts and passwords, the smbpasswd command was used in the early days. However, since the TDB database was used later, it is recommended to use the new pdbedit command to manage user data.
• /usr/bin/testparm: Server function. This command is mainly used to check whether the syntax of the configuration file smb.conf is correct. When you have edited smb.conf, be sure to use this command to check it once to avoid trouble caused by typing errors!
• /sbin/mount.cifs: Client function. On Windows, we can set up a "network drive" to connect to our host. On Linux, we use mount (mount.cifs) to mount the files and directories shared by the remote host to our own Linux host!
• /usr/bin/smbclient: Client function. When your Linux host wants to use the "Network Neighborhood" function to view the directories and devices shared by other computers, you can use smbclient to view them! This command can also be used on your own SAMBA host to check whether the configuration is successful!
• /usr/bin/nmblookup: Client function, a bit similar to nslookup! The key is to find out the NetBIOS name
• /usr/bin/smbtree: client function, this thing is a bit like the results displayed on the network neighborhood of the Windows system, it can display data such as "computers near me", and can find the tree directory distribution map of the workgroup and computer name!

Install Samba

First, confirm whether Samba is installed on your Linux using the command:

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep samba 

Among them: samba, samba-common, and samba-client are required.

If it is not installed, there are two ways to install it:

The first method: yum installation

Yum is a Linux software package that is used to find, install, update, and remove programs. It runs on RPM package compatible Linux distributions, such as: RedHat, Fedora, SUSE, CentOS, Mandriva.

yum install -y samba

The second method: installation package installation

The installation packages are all on the CD, first you need to mount it:

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt

At this time, a problem will arise:

mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

The prompt message says that when the CD-ROM drive is mounted to the virtual machine, it prompts read-only. The following command can resolve this error:

mount -o remount,rw /dev/cdrom /mnt

At this point, we will find that the originally empty folder /mnt now has many more files.

In the /mnt/Server folder, you will find the Samba installation package:

After finding the installation package, it is time to install Samba (you only need to install the one you don't have). Use command:

rpm samba-3.0.25b-0.el5.4.i386.rpm
rpm samba-client-3.0.25b-0.el5.4.i386.rpm
rpm samba-commons-3.0.25b-0.el5.4.i386.rpm

After the installation is complete, use the command to verify whether the installation is complete:

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep samba

Configure Samba

Modify the configuration file

There is actually only one main configuration file for the samba server, which is /etc/samba/samba.conf. This configuration file can be divided into two parts, one part is global parameters, and the other part is shared resource related parameters.

#1. Global parameter settings:
[global]
        #Settings related to the host nameworkgroup = zkhouse <==Workgroup namenetbios name = zkserver <==Host name, which is not the same as hostname. In the same group, the netbios name must be uniqueserverstring = this is a test samba server <==Descriptive text, the content is irrelevant#Settings related to the login filelog file = /var/log/samba/log.%m <==The storage file name of the log file, %m represents the client Internet host name, that is, hostname
        max log size = 50 <==The maximum size of the log file is 50Kb
        #Password-related settings security = share <== means no password is required. The configurable values ​​are share, user, and server
        passdb backend = tdbsam
        #Printer loading mode load printer = no <==Do not load the printer-----------------------------------------------------------
#2. Shared resource settings: comment out the old ones and add new ones #First cancel the [homes] and [printers] items, and add the [temp] item as follows [temp] <==shared resource name comment = Temporary file space <==simple explanation, the content is irrelevant path = /tmp <==actual shared directory writable = yes <==set to be writable browseable = yes <==the resource name can be browsed by all users,
        guest ok = yes <== allows users to log in at will

In other words, just add the above "#2 Shared resource settings" to the end of the configuration file.

Add a user and set a password

Set up an account to log in to the samba server and set a password. Specific commands:

[root@localhost ~]# useradd sambauser
[root@localhost ~]# smbpasswd -a sambauser
New SMB password:
Retype new SMB password:

Restart Samba Server

[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/smb restart

If this command does not work, then Samba was not installed correctly.

Login to Samba

When both Windows and Linux networks are connected, log in to the Samba server in Windows. Use the command to view Samba's IP address:

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig 

In Windows, enter \\223.3.119.170 (the IP address corresponding to Samba):

At this time, the login interface will pop up. Just enter the login account and password you set previously.

Summary of questions and supplements

Previously, Samba was installed and configured step by step without any problems. But in many cases, when Windows is running, after entering the \\IP address, nothing happens. This is the most troublesome part because we have no idea what caused it. Here are a few possible problem areas:

Network Selection

When configuring the Samba server, the network is selected as a bridge connection.

This is because: it is necessary to ensure that the IP under Linux and the IP under Windows are in the same network segment and can ping each other.

How to verify?

In the Windows command line, enter the command ipconfig:

At the same time, enter the command ifconfig in Linux (the two commands are different, please note):

It can be seen that the first three characters of the two IP addresses 223.3.119.239 and 223.3.119.170 are the same, and only the last one is different, which ensures that they are in the same network segment. If the first 3 digits are different, you can use the command in Linux:

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 223.3.119.130

Just make sure that only the last one is different.

Next, verify that the ping between Windows and Linux is successful. Enter the ping Linux IP address in the Windows command line :

If the result is not a timeout, it means that the two can ping each other successfully.

Firewall issues

If the firewall is not disabled, communication between Windows and Samba may be blocked.

Turn off the firewall on Windows: Control Panel -> System and Security -> Windows Firewall -> Turn Windows Firewall on or off;

Disable the firewall on Linux:

[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# service iptables stop 

Remember to restart the Samba server.

Permission issues

There may be a problem of insufficient permissions. Modify the permissions of the file you want.

[root@localhost ~]# chmod 777 /home

No access

If you use Windows to access Samba, the following dialog box error pops up:

Unable to access. You might not have permission to use the network resource. Please contact the administrator of this server to find out if you have access permissions.

Multiple connections to a server or shared resource by a single user using more than one user name are not permitted. Disconnect all connections to this server or shared resource and try again... or simply restart Windows.

How do I disconnect (i.e. exit the Samba server)?

In the Windows command line, enter:

net use * /delete /y

Automatic connection

To automatically run the smba server every time you start Linux:

In the terminal, enter setup->system service->find smb, press the space bar, then select it->exit to complete (note that the tab key is used to switch).

If you have any other questions, you can also refer to the link: [Linux] Installation and configuration of samba server, 159 samba cannot be accessed. You may not have permission to use the network resource net use command.

This is the end of this article about the super detailed installation and configuration of Linux Samba server (with problem solving). For more relevant Linux Samba server installation and configuration content, please search 123WORDPRESS.COM's previous articles or continue to browse the following related articles. I hope everyone will support 123WORDPRESS.COM in the future!