Analysis of the principle of Nginx+Tomcat to achieve load balancing and dynamic and static separation

Analysis of the principle of Nginx+Tomcat to achieve load balancing and dynamic and static separation

1. Implementation principle of Nginx load balancing

1. Nginx implements load balancing through reverse proxy

Reverse Proxy refers to using a proxy server (e.g. Nginx) to accept connection requests on the Internet, then forward the requests to a server on the internal network (e.g. Tomcat), and return the results obtained from the server to the client requesting the connection on the Internet. At this time, the proxy server (e.g. Nginx) appears to the outside world as a reverse proxy server.
From the client's perspective, the client actually does not know which server is the real service provider. It only knows that it has requested the reverse proxy server. Therefore, the reverse proxy method hides the address of the real server from the outside, reducing security risks to a certain extent.

2. Main parameters of Nginx reverse proxy configuration upstream service pool name {}

Role: Configure the backend server pool to provide response data

proxy_pass http:// service pool name

Function: Configure the server processing that forwards access requests to the backend server pool

2. Implementation principle of Nginx dynamic and static separation

1. Dynamic and static separation principle

The server receives requests from the client, which include both static resources and dynamic resources. Static resources are served by Nginx, and dynamic resources are forwarded to the backend by Nginx.

2. Advantages of Nginx static processing

Nginx is much more efficient at processing static pages than Tomcat. If Tomcat handles 1,000 requests, Nginx handles 6,000 requests.
Tomcat's throughput is 0.6M per second, and Nginx's throughput is 3.6M per second
Nginx's ability to handle static resources is 6 times that of Tomcat

3. Nginx + Tomcat dynamic and static separation, load balancing configuration steps and environment preparation

Host operating system IP address Required Software
Nginx Server CentOS7 192.168.109.7 nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
Tomcat Server1 CentOS7 192.168.109.22 apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz, jdk-8u201-linux-x64.rpm
Tomcat Server2 CentOS7 192.168.109.23 apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz, jdk-8u201-linux-x64.rpm
1. Deploy Nginx load balancing server

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#!/bin/bash
#Script description: Compile and install nginx service #Note: Please put nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz into /opt directory before use #Shut down the firewall systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0

#Install the required development packages, compilation environment, and compiler yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel gcc gcc-c++ make

#Create a program user to accurately control access useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx

#Unzip the installation package cd /opt
tar zxvf nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz -C /opt/

#Compile and install nginx; specify the installation path, user name, group name, and enable modules to support statistics cd /opt/nginx-1.12.0/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-file-aio --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_ssl_module

make && make install

#Soft link makes it easier for the system to identify the nginx operation command ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/

#Add nginx system service echo '[Unit]
Description=nginx
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecrReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
ExecrStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target' > /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service

#Empower and enable services, enable automatic startup chmod 754 /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
systemctl restart nginx.service
systemctl enable nginx.service

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2. Deploy two Tomcat application servers

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#!/bin/bash
#Install Tomcat service#Shut down the firewallsystemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0

#Install JDK
cd /opt
rpm -ivh jdk-8u201-linux-x64.rpm

#Set JDK environment variable echo 'export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/java.sh

source /etc/profile

#Install and start Tomcat
cd /opt
tar zxvf apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz
mv apache-tomcat-9.0.16 /usr/local/tomcat
/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh

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3. Dynamic and static separation configuration

Please see tomcat

1) Tomcat1 server configuration

mkdir /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test

#Configure dynamic page vim /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test/index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP test1 page</title>
</head>
<body>
<% out.println("Dynamic page 1: www.test1.com");%>
</body>
</html>

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#Modify the configuration file vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
<Host name="192" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true" xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">
	<Context docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test" path="" reloadable="true" />
</Host>

/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh

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2) Tomcat2 server configuration

mkdir /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test

vim /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test/index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP test2 page</title>
</head>
<body>
<% out.println("Dynamic page 1: www.test2.com");%>
</body>
</html>

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#Modify the configuration file vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
<Host name="192" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true" xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">
	<Context docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test" path="" reloadable="true" />
</Host>

/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh

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3) Nginx server configuration

#Prepare static pages and static images echo '<html><body><h1>this is static</h1></body></html>' > /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html
mkdir /usr/local/nginx/html/long
cd /usr/local/nginx/html/long

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vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
......
http {
......
#gzip on;

upstream tomcat_server {
  server 192.168.109.22:8080 weight=1;
  server 192.168.109.23:8080 weight=1;
}

server {
	listen 80;
	server_name www.long.com;

  #charset koi8-r;

	#access_log logs/host.access.log main;

    #Configure Nginx to handle dynamic page requests and forward .jsp file requests to the Tomcat server for processing location ~ .*\.jsp$ {
		proxy_pass http://tomcat_server;
		
		proxy_set_header HOST $host;
		proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
		proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
	}
    
  #Configure Nginx to handle static image requests location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|css)$ {
		root /usr/local/nginx/html/img/;
		expires 10d;
	}
    location / {
      root html;
      index index.html index.htm;
    }


systemctl restart nginx.service

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4. Access test

Test the static page effect. Browser access http://192.168.109.7/
Browser access http://192.168.109.7/long.jpg

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Test the load balancing effect, refresh the browser continuously to test the browser access http://192.168.109.7/test/index.jsp

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This concludes this article on the analysis of the principles of load balancing and dynamic and static separation achieved with Nginx+Tomcat. For more relevant content on Nginx load balancing and dynamic and static separation, please search for previous articles on 123WORDPRESS.COM or continue to browse the following related articles. I hope you will support 123WORDPRESS.COM in the future!

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