Docker deploys nginx and mounts folders and file operations

Docker deploys nginx and mounts folders and file operations

During this period of time, I was studying docker and encountered a pit when deploying nginx. The main problem was that I didn't know how to mount files and folders. After repeated experiments and checking online tutorials, I summarized it as follows:

1First pull download nginx mirror package

docker pull nginx

2 (Key) Check the specific location of configuration files, logs and other files in the nginx image. Only by finding the path of the image configuration file can the subsequent mounted files and folders cover these paths

Open the image container in terminal mode

[root@docker2 nginx]# docker run -i -t nginx /bin/bash
root@3b39da9212fe:/# ls -l
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 26 00:00 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Feb 23 23:23 boot
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 360 May 30 01:39 dev
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 66 May 30 01:39 etc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Feb 23 23:23 home
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 45 Apr 26 00:00 lib
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 34 Apr 26 00:00 lib64
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Apr 26 00:00 media
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Apr 26 00:00 mnt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Apr 26 00:00 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 176 root root 0 May 30 01:39 proc
drwx------ 2 root root 37 Apr 26 00:00 root
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 43 Apr 26 00:00 run
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 26 00:00 sbin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Apr 26 00:00 srv
dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 May 25 06:07 sys
drwxrwxrwt 1 root root 6 Apr 30 13:55 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 66 Apr 26 00:00 usr
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 17 Apr 26 00:00 var

Find the nginx.conf configuration file path in the image /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

root@3b39da9212fe:/etc/nginx# ls -l /etc/nginx/
total 36
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 26 Apr 30 13:55 conf.d
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1007 Apr 9 16:01 fastcgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2837 Apr 9 16:01 koi-utf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2223 Apr 9 16:01 koi-win
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5170 Apr 9 16:01 mime.types
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Apr 9 16:01 modules -> /usr/lib/nginx/modules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 643 Apr 9 16:01 nginx.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 636 Apr 9 16:01 scgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 Apr 9 16:01 uwsgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3610 Apr 9 16:01 win-utf

Find the path of the default.conf configuration file /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

root@3b39da9212fe:/etc# ls -l /etc/nginx/conf.d/       
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1093 Apr 9 16:01 default.conf

Find the default homepage folder html path /usr/share/nginx/html

root@3b39da9212fe:/etc# ls -l /usr/share/nginx/   
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 40 Apr 30 13:55 html

Find the log file path /var/log/nginx

ls -l /var/log/   
total 96
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 60 Apr 30 13:55 apt
-rw-rw---- 1 root utmp 0 Apr 26 00:00 btmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 57602 Apr 30 13:55 dpkg.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3264 Apr 30 13:55 faillog
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root utmp 29784 Apr 30 13:55 lastlog
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 41 Apr 30 13:55 nginx
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root utmp 0 Apr 26 00:00 wtmp

Then enter exit to exit the container terminal

3 Start the mynginx container with the nginx image and mount folders and files into the container

Here I explain why I mount configuration files and folders. If you deploy applications and modify nginx configuration files easily, if you mount files or folders, you only need to modify the files in the mount source or folders, instead of using the docker run -i -t nginx /bin/bash command to enter the image terminal to modify the configuration files every time. Below I will demonstrate how to modify my own nginx homepage and mount it in the container to overwrite the original default homepage.

Create mount source files and folders in Linux system (mine is centos7)

mkdir -p /data/nginx/conf
mkdir -p /data/nginx/conf.d
mkdir -p /data/nginx/html
mkdir -p /data/nginx/logs

Then create an nginx.conf configuration file in the conf folder and enter the content. I suggest that you do not copy my configuration. Use the first step I introduced above to enter the terminal of the nginx container and copy the content of the nginx.conf configuration file to the newly created nginx.conf file in the Linux system for modification. This ensures that the path in the configuration file is consistent with the path of the configuration file in the image.

[root@docker2 /]# cd /data/nginx/conf
[root@docker2 conf]# more nginx.conf 
user nginx;
worker_processes 1;

error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;

events {
  worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
  include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
  default_type application/octet-stream;

  log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
           '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
           '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

  access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;

  sendfile on;
  #tcp_nopush on;

  keepalive_timeout 65;

  #gzip on;

  include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}

Create a default.conf file in conf.d and enter the following content. I also copied and modified this content from the default configuration file default.conf in the image. I also recommend that you do not copy my content, because the paths involved may be inconsistent with the paths in your nginx image. In this way, when starting the image to create a container, you cannot use the mount method to overwrite the path in the container.

[root@docker2 conf]# more /data/nginx/conf.d/default.conf  
server {
  listen 80;
  server_name localhost;

  #charset koi8-r;
  #access_log /var/log/nginx/host.access.log main;

  location / {
    root /usr/share/nginx/html;
    index1.html;
  }

  #error_page 404 /404.html;

  # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
  #
  error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
  location = /50x.html {
    root /usr/share/nginx/html;
  }

  # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
  #
  #location ~ \.php$ {
  # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
  #}

  # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
  #
  #location ~ \.php$ {
  #root html;
  # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
  # fastcgi_index index.php;
  # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
  #include fastcgi_params;
  #}

  # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
  # concurs with nginx's one
  #
  #location ~ /\.ht {
  # deny all;
  #}
}

Please note that I have modified the content of the original default configuration file. In one of the locations above, I changed the nginx default homepage index to 1.html. 1.html is the name of the homepage I created myself.

Create a 1.html homepage file in the html folder and write your own homepage. Here I used notepadd++ to write the 1.html file on Windows and then copied it to the Linux system through the tool. Note that if there is Chinese, you may need to convert the encoding, otherwise it may be garbled. For example, I use ansi encoding here

<html>
<head>
<title>Mynginx</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>
Welcome to use nginx!
</h1>
</body>
</html>

Now it’s time to create the container and mount the files and folders

[root@docker2 conf]# docker run --name mynginx -d -p 80:80 -v /data/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html -v /data/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf -v /data/nginx/conf.d/default.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf -v /data/nginx/logs:/var/log/nginx nginx

Remember to keep the target directory or file path consistent with the path in the image, such as /etc/nginx/nginx.conf, which has been found in the second step.

docker ps to see if it is started successfully

[root@docker2 conf]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
32ad171d34a2 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of..." 17 hours ago Up 17 hours 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp mynginx

If the startup fails, first use docker ps -a to view the failed container, and use docker rm CONTAILNER ID to delete the container ID, then find the problem, and then use docker run to start the container. If it still cannot be started after ensuring that there are no problems with the mounted directory and files, then it is a permission problem. The Internet says to add the --privileged=true parameter after docker run.

Open the web page at http://IP to see the effect.

The above article about docker deploying nginx and mounting folders and file operations is all I have to share with you. I hope it can give you a reference. I also hope that you will support 123WORDPRESS.COM.

You may also be interested in:
  • Implementation of mounting NFS shared directory in Docker container
  • Docker - Summary of 3 ways to modify container mount directories
  • Docker mounts local directories and data volume container operations
  • Solve the problem of docker log mounting
  • Docker starts the elasticsearch image and solves the error after mounting the directory
  • Steps to set up and mount shared folders on Windows host and Docker container
  • Detailed explanation of docker nginx container startup and mounting to local
  • Solve the problem of failure to mount files or directories using ./ relative path in docker run

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