Sample code for nginx to achieve dynamic and static separation

Sample code for nginx to achieve dynamic and static separation

1. Simple configuration of nginx's dynamic and static separation

Assume web1 is a static server, web2 is a dynamic server, and node2 is a proxy

1.1 Separate by directory

web1 only handles static requests

[root@web1 ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/www/image
[root@web1 ~]# yum -y install lrzsz
[root@web1 ~]# cd /var/www/www/image/
[root@web1 image]# rz
[root@web1 image]# ll
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 156848 Mar 13 11:31 nhrzyx.png
[root@web2 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 
 DocumentRoot "/var/www/www"
[root@web2 ~]# systemctl restart httpd

web2 only handles dynamic requests

[root@web2 ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/www/dynamic
[root@web2 ~]# echo dynamic10 > /var/www/www/dynamic/index.html
[root@web2 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 
 DocumentRoot "/var/www/www"
[root@web2 ~]# systemctl restart httpd

Access Test

http://172.25.254.134/image/nhrzyx.png

http://172.25.254.135/dynamic/index.html

1.2 Separation by Request

Configuring the Proxy

[root@lb01 conf]# vim nginx.conf
worker_processes 1;
events {
  worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
  include mime.types;
  default_type application/octet-stream;
  sendfile on;
  keepalive_timeout 65;
upstream stack_pools {
    server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5;
}
upstream dynamic_pools {
    server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5;
}
  server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.lbtest.com;
    location / {
      root html;
      index index.html index.htm;
      proxy_set_header Host $host;
      proxy_pass http://dynamic_pools;
    }
    location /image/ {
      proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_pass http://stack_pools;
    }
    location /dynamic/ {
      proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_pass http://dynamic_pools;
    }
  }
}
[root@lb01 conf]# nginx -s reload

Configure hosts and test browser access

172.25.254.131 www.lbtest.com

http://www.lbtest.com/image/nhrzyx.png

http://www.lbtest.com/dynamic/

1.3 Separation by extension

[root@lb01 conf]# vim nginx.conf

worker_processes 1;
events {
  worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
  include mime.types;
  default_type application/octet-stream;
  sendfile on;
  keepalive_timeout 65;
upstream stack_pools {
    server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5;
}
upstream dynamic_pools {
    server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5;
}
  server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.lbtest.com;
    location / {
      root html;
      index index.html index.htm;
      proxy_set_header Host $host;
      proxy_pass http://dynamic_pools;
    }
    location ~ .*.(jpg|png|gif|css|js|swf|bmp|jsp|php|asp)$ {
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_pass http://stack_pools;
    }
  }
}
[root@lb01 conf]# nginx -s reload

http://www.lbtest.com/image/nhrzyx.png  

1.4 Separation based on client identification

http {
  include mime.types;
  default_type application/octet-stream;
  sendfile on;
  keepalive_timeout 65;
upstream stack_pools {
    server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5;
}
upstream dynamic_pools {
    server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5;
}
  server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.lbtest.com;
    location / {
        if ($http_user_agent ~* "MSIE")
        {
            proxy_pass http://dynamic_pools;
        }
        if ($http_user_agent ~* "firefox")
        {
            proxy_pass http://stack_pools;
        }
    }
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    }
}
[root@web1 image]# echo stack_web>> /var/www/www/test.html
[root@web1 image]# systemctl restart httpd

[root@web2 ~]# echo dynamic_web>>/var/www/www/test.html
[root@web2 ~]# systemctl restart httpd

Use IE and Firefox browsers to access

http://www.lbtest.com/test.html

1.5 Use client PC and mobile separation

http {
  include mime.types;
  default_type application/octet-stream;
  sendfile on;
  keepalive_timeout 65;
upstream stack_pools {
    server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5;
}
upstream dynamic_pools {
    server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5;
}
  server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.lbtest.com;
    location / {
        if ($http_user_agent ~* "iphone")
        {
            proxy_pass http://dynamic_pools;
        }
        if ($http_user_agent ~* "android")
        {
            proxy_pass http://stack_pools;
        }
    }
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    }
}

Use Android and iPhone to access the test

http://www.lbtest.com/test.html

2. Optimization

[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf

net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 4000 65000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16348
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 16384
net.core.somaxconn = 16384
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 18364

[root@node2 ~]# sysctl -p

A brief introduction to keepalive and nginx

Configure keepalived to achieve high availability of nginx load balancing

Keepalive is more suitable for detecting IP drift. If the resource service is controlled, heartbeat is more suitable, such as high availability in storage direction.

3. Health check of nginx reverse proxy

When nginx acts as a reverse proxy, when the backend server goes down, ngixn cannot remove this realserver from the upstream, so it will forward the request to the backend realserve. Although nginx can enable proxy_next_upstream in localtion to solve the error page returned to the customer, this will still forward the request to this server, and then forward it to other servers, which wastes one forwarding. With the help of the nginx module nginx_upstream_check_module developed by the Taobao team to detect the health status of the rear realserver, if the backend server is unavailable, all requests will not be forwarded to this server

check interval=5000 rise=1 fall=3 timeout=4000;

3.1 Add directly to the configuration file

[root@node2 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

worker_processes 1;
events {
  worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
  include mime.types;
  default_type application/octet-stream;
  sendfile on;
  keepalive_timeout 65;
upstream web_pools {
    server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5;
    server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5;
# server 172.25.254.158:80 weight=5 backup;
check interval=5000 rise=1 fall=3 timeout=4000;

}
  server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.lbtest.com;
    location / {
      #root html;
      # index index.html index.htm;
      proxy_set_header Host $host;
      proxy_pass http://web_pools;
    }
  }
}

[root@node2 ~]# nginx -t

nginx: [emerg] unknown directive "check" in /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:14
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test failed

Check failure

Download the nginx module https://github.com/yaoweibin/nginx_upstream_check_module, use nginx to install the module, and treat it as an nginx upgrade

3.2 Download module

[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# yum -y install git

[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# git clone https://github.com/yaoweibin/nginx_upstream_check_module.git

[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# ll

drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 4096 Apr 13 00:57 nginx_upstream_check_module
[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# cd nginx_upstream_check_module/

[root@node2 nginx_upstream_check_module]# ll

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 13 00:57 CHANGES
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7921 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.11.1+.patch
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8330 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.11.5+.patch
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8060 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.12.1+.patch
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8054 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.14.0+.patch
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5483 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.2.1.patch
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7130 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.2.2+.patch
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7094 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.2.6+.patch
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6791 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.5.12+.patch
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8295 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.7.2+.patch
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8346 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.7.5+.patch
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8509 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.9.2+.patch
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6943 Apr 13 00:57 check.patch
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 749 Apr 13 00:57 config
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 43 Apr 13 00:57 doc
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1709 Apr 13 00:57 nginx-sticky-module.patch
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 29 Apr 13 00:57 nginx-tests
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 112010 Apr 13 00:57 ngx_http_upstream_check_module.c
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 529 Apr 13 00:57 ngx_http_upstream_check_module.h
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2848 Apr 13 00:57 ngx_http_upstream_jvm_route_module.patch
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11509 Apr 13 00:57 README
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 79 Apr 13 00:57 test
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3342 Apr 13 00:57 upstream_fair.patch
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 81 Apr 13 00:57 util

3.3 Patching

[root@node2 nginx_upstream_check_module]# cd ../

[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# yum -y install patch

Note: Due to the update of nginx version, the patch for nginx version 1.12 and above is check_1.11.5+.patch

[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# patch -p0 < ./nginx_upstream_check_module/check_1.11.5+.patch


Patching file src/http/modules/ngx_http_upstream_hash_module.c
Patching file src/http/modules/ngx_http_upstream_ip_hash_module.c
Patching file src/http/modules/ngx_http_upstream_least_conn_module.c
Patching file src/http/ngx_http_upstream_round_robin.c
Patching file src/http/ngx_http_upstream_round_robin.h

3.4 Compile and install

[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
> --user=nginx --group=nginx \
> --with-http_ssl_module \
> --with-http_realip_module \
> --with-http_addition_module \
> --with-http_gzip_static_module \
> --with-http_stub_status_module \
> --with-http_sub_module \
> --with-pcre \
> --add-module=./nginx_upstream_check_module

A new directory named objs appears.

[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# ll

drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 187 Apr 13 01:04 objs

[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# make

sed -e "s|%%PREFIX%%|/usr/local/nginx|" \
  -e "s|%%PID_PATH%%|/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid|" \
  -e "s|%%CONF_PATH%%|/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf|" \
  -e "s|%%ERROR_LOG_PATH%%|/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log|" \
  < man/nginx.8 > objs/nginx.8
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2'

[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# ll objs/

drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 41 Apr 13 01:04 addon
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 16895 Apr 13 01:04 autoconf.err
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 42396 Apr 13 01:04 Makefile
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5993600 Apr 13 01:06 nginx #nginx new executable file -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5341 Apr 13 01:06 nginx.8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7202 Apr 13 01:04 ngx_auto_config.h
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 657 Apr 13 01:03 ngx_auto_headers.h
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6412 Apr 13 01:04 ngx_modules.c
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 87120 Apr 13 01:06 ngx_modules.o
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 91 Apr 3 22:38 src

Back up nginx and copy the new nginx

[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/

[root@node2 sbin]# mv nginx nginx.bak

[root@node2 sbin]# cp /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2/objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin

[root@node2 sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop

nginx: [emerg] getpwnam("nginx") failed

[root@node2 sbin]# id nginx

id: nginx: no such user

[root@node2 sbin]# useradd nginx

[root@node2 sbin]# id nginx

uid=1002(nginx) gid=1002(nginx) groups=1002(nginx)

[root@node2 sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop

[root@node2 sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

[root@node2 ~]# nginx -t

nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

Successful installation

3.5 Configuration

worker_processes 1;
events {
  worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
  include mime.types;
  default_type application/octet-stream;
  sendfile on;
  keepalive_timeout 65;
upstream web_pools {
    server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5;
    server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5;
# server 172.25.254.158:80 weight=5 backup;
check interval=5000 rise=1 fall=3 timeout=4000;

}
  server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.lbtest.com;
    location / {
      proxy_set_header Host $host;
      proxy_pass http://web_pools;
    }
    location /nstatus{
    check_status;
    access_log off;
    }
  }
}
[root@node2 conf]# nginx -s reload

3.6 Access Test

Both states are normal

Turn off one

[root@web1 image]# systemctl stop httpd

Turn off both

[root@web2 ~]# systemctl stop httpd

Open a

[root@web1 image]# systemctl start httpd 

[root@web2 ~]# systemctl restart httpd

Successfully implemented the backend check function

The above is the full content of this article. I hope it will be helpful for everyone’s study. I also hope that everyone will support 123WORDPRESS.COM.

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