6 ways to view the port numbers occupied by Linux processes

6 ways to view the port numbers occupied by Linux processes

For Linux system administrators, it is crucial to know whether a service is correctly bound to or listening to a port. If you need to deal with port related issues, this article may be useful to you.

A port is an identifier of a logical connection between specific processes on a Linux system, including physical ports and software ports. Since the Linux operating system is a piece of software, this article discusses only software ports. Software ports are always associated with the host's IP address and the relevant communication protocol, so ports are often used to distinguish between applications. Most services involving the network must open a socket to listen for incoming network requests, and each service uses a separate socket.

Sockets are used in combination with IP addresses, software ports, and protocols. Port numbers apply to both the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Both TCP and UDP can use port numbers between 0 and 65535 for communication.

The following are the port assignment categories:
0 - 1023: Common ports and system ports
1024 - 49151: Software registration port
49152 - 65535: Dynamic ports or private ports

More information about reserved ports can be found in the /etc/services file on Linux.

# less /etc/services
# /etc/services:
# $Id: services,v 1.55 2013/04/14 ovasik Exp $
#
# Network services, Internet style
# IANA services version: last updated 2013-04-10
#
# Note that it is currently the policy of IANA to assign a single well-known
# port number for both TCP and UDP; hence, most entries here have two entries
# even if the protocol doesn't support UDP operations.
# Updated from RFC 1700, ``Assigned Numbers'' (October 1994). Not all ports
# are included, only the more common ones.
#
# The latest IANA port assignments can be gotten from
# http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers
# The Well Known Ports are those from 0 through 1023.
# The Registered Ports are those from 1024 through 49151
# The Dynamic and/or Private Ports are those from 49152 through 65535
#
# Each line describes one service, and is of the form:
#
# service-name port/protocol [aliases ...] [# comment]
tcpmux 1/tcp # TCP port service multiplexer
tcpmux 1/udp # TCP port service multiplexer
rje 5/tcp # Remote Job Entry
rje 5/udp # Remote Job Entry
echo 7/tcp
echo 7/udp
discard 9/tcp sink null
discard 9/udp sink null
systat 11/tcp users
systat 11/udp users
daytime 13/tcp
daytime 13/udp
qotd 17/tcp quote
qotd 17/udp quote
msp 18/tcp # message send protocol (historic)
msp 18/udp # message send protocol (historic)
chargen 19/tcp ttytst source
chargen 19/udp ttytst source
ftp-data 20/tcp
ftp-data 20/udp
# 21 is registered to ftp, but also used by fsp
ftp 21/tcp
ftp 21/udp fsp fspd
ssh 22/tcp # The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol
ssh 22/udp # The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol
telnet 23/tcp
telnet 23/udp
# 24 - private mail system
lmtp 24/tcp # LMTP Mail Delivery
lmtp 24/udp # LMTP Mail Delivery

You can use the following six methods to view port information.

ss: can be used to dump socket statistics.

netstat: can display a list of open sockets.

lsof: can list open files.

fuser: can list the process IDs of processes that have files open.

nmap: is a network detection tool and port scanner.

systemctl: is the control manager and service manager of the systemd system.

Next we will find out the port number used by the sshd daemon.

Method 1: Using the ss command
ss is generally used to dump socket statistics. It produces output similar to that of netstat, but it displays more TCP information and status information than other tools.

It can also display all types of socket statistics, including PACKET, TCP, UDP, DCCP, RAW, Unix domain, etc.

# ss -tnlp | grep ssh
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=3))
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=4))

You can also check using the port number.

# ss -tnlp | grep ":22"
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=3))
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=4))

Method 2: Use the netstat command

netstat can display network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships.

By default, netstat lists open sockets. If you do not specify any address family, active sockets for all configured address families are displayed. But netstat is outdated and ss is generally used instead.

# netstat -tnlp | grep ssh
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 997/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 997/sshd

You can also check using the port number.

# netstat -tnlp | grep ":22"
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1208/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1208/sshd

Method 3: Using lsof command

lsof can list open files and list information about files opened by processes on the system.

# lsof -i -P | grep ssh
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
sshd 11584 root 3u IPv4 27625 0t0 TCP *:22 (LISTEN)
sshd 11584 root 4u IPv6 27627 0t0 TCP *:22 (LISTEN)
sshd 11592 root 3u IPv4 27744 0t0 TCP vps.2daygeek.com:ssh->103.5.134.167:49902 (ESTABLISHED)

You can also check using the port number.

# lsof -i tcp:22
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
sshd 1208 root 3u IPv4 20919 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
sshd 1208 root 4u IPv6 20921 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
sshd 11592 root 3u IPv4 27744 0t0 TCP vps.2daygeek.com:ssh->103.5.134.167:49902 (ESTABLISHED)

Method 4: Using fuser command

The fuser tool displays to standard output the process IDs of processes on the local system that have files open.

# fuser -v 22/tcp
 USER PID ACCESS COMMAND
22/tcp: root 1208 F....sshd
 root 12388 F....sshd
 root 49339 F....sshd

Method 5: Using nmap command

nmap ("Network Mapper") is an open source tool for network detection and security auditing. It was originally designed for fast scans of large networks, but it also works well for scanning single hosts.

nmap uses raw IP packets to determine the hosts available on the network, the services of those hosts (including application name and version), the operating system the host is running (including information such as the OS version), the type of packet filters or firewalls in use, and much other information.

# nmap -sV -p 22 localhost
Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2018-09-23 12:36 IST
Nmap scan report for localhost (127.0.0.1)
Host is up (0.000089s latency).
Other addresses for localhost (not scanned): 127.0.0.1
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.4 (protocol 2.0)
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.44 seconds

Method 6: Using systemctl command

systemctl is the control manager and service manager for the systemd system. It replaces the old SysV init system management and is currently used by most modern Linux operating systems.

# systemctl status sshd
● sshd.service – OpenSSH server daemon
 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
 Active: active (running) since Sun 2018-09-23 02:08:56 EDT; 6h 11min ago
 Docs: man:sshd(8)
 man:sshd_config(5)
 Main PID: 11584 (sshd)
 CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
 └─11584 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com systemd[1]: Starting OpenSSH server daemon...
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11584]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11584]: Server listening on :: port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon.
Sep 23 02:09:15 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11589]: Connection closed by 103.5.134.167 port 49899 [preauth]
Sep 23 02:09:41 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11592]: Accepted password for root from 103.5.134.167 port 49902 ssh2

The above output shows the listening port of the ssh service when the sshd service was started last time. But it doesn't update the latest log into the output.

# systemctl status sshd
● sshd.service – OpenSSH server daemon
 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
 Active: active (running) since Thu 2018-09-06 07:40:59 IST; 2 weeks 3 days ago
 Docs: man:sshd(8)
 man:sshd_config(5)
 Main PID: 1208 (sshd)
 CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
 ├─ 1208 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
 ├─23951 sshd: [accepted]
 └─23952 sshd: [net]
Sep 23 12:50:36 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: Invalid user pi from 95.210.113.142 port 51666
Sep 23 12:50:36 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: input_userauth_request: invalid user pi [preauth]
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=95.210.113.142
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=95.210.113.142
Sep 23 12:50:39 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: Failed password for invalid user pi from 95.210.113.142 port 51670 ssh2
Sep 23 12:50:39 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: Failed password for invalid user pi from 95.210.113.142 port 51666 ssh2
Sep 23 12:50:40 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: Connection closed by 95.210.113.142 port 51670 [preauth]
Sep 23 12:50:40 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: Connection closed by 95.210.113.142 port 51666 [preauth]

In most cases, the above output will not show the actual port number of the process. At this time, it is recommended to use the following journalctl command to check the detailed information in the log file.

# journalctl | grep -i "openssh\|sshd"
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca sshd[997]: Received signal 15; terminating.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca systemd[1]: Stopping OpenSSH server daemon...
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca systemd[1]: Starting OpenSSH server daemon...
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca sshd[11584]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca sshd[11584]: Server listening on :: port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon.

Checking the server occupied ports is a skill that our system administrators must master. You must know at least one of the above 6 methods to check the Linux process occupied port number.

For Linux system administrators, it is crucial to know whether a service is correctly bound to or listening to a port. If you need to deal with port related issues, this article may be useful to you.

A port is an identifier of a logical connection between specific processes on a Linux system, including physical ports and software ports. Since the Linux operating system is a piece of software, this article discusses only software ports. Software ports are always associated with the host's IP address and the relevant communication protocol, so ports are often used to distinguish between applications. Most services involving the network must open a socket to listen for incoming network requests, and each service uses a separate socket.

Sockets are used in combination with IP addresses, software ports, and protocols. Port numbers apply to both the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Both TCP and UDP can use port numbers between 0 and 65535 for communication.

The following are the port assignment categories:

0 - 1023: Common ports and system ports

1024 - 49151: Software registration port

49152 - 65535: Dynamic ports or private ports

More information about reserved ports can be found in the /etc/services file on Linux.

# less /etc/services
# /etc/services:
# $Id: services,v 1.55 2013/04/14 ovasik Exp $
#
# Network services, Internet style
# IANA services version: last updated 2013-04-10
#
# Note that it is currently the policy of IANA to assign a single well-known
# port number for both TCP and UDP; hence, most entries here have two entries
# even if the protocol doesn't support UDP operations.
# Updated from RFC 1700, ``Assigned Numbers'' (October 1994). Not all ports
# are included, only the more common ones.
#
# The latest IANA port assignments can be gotten from
# http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers
# The Well Known Ports are those from 0 through 1023.
# The Registered Ports are those from 1024 through 49151
# The Dynamic and/or Private Ports are those from 49152 through 65535
#
# Each line describes one service, and is of the form:
#
# service-name port/protocol [aliases ...] [# comment]
tcpmux 1/tcp # TCP port service multiplexer
tcpmux 1/udp # TCP port service multiplexer
rje 5/tcp # Remote Job Entry
rje 5/udp # Remote Job Entry
echo 7/tcp
echo 7/udp
discard 9/tcp sink null
discard 9/udp sink null
systat 11/tcp users
systat 11/udp users
daytime 13/tcp
daytime 13/udp
qotd 17/tcp quote
qotd 17/udp quote
msp 18/tcp # message send protocol (historic)
msp 18/udp # message send protocol (historic)
chargen 19/tcp ttytst source
chargen 19/udp ttytst source
ftp-data 20/tcp
ftp-data 20/udp
# 21 is registered to ftp, but also used by fsp
ftp 21/tcp
ftp 21/udp fsp fspd
ssh 22/tcp # The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol
ssh 22/udp # The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol
telnet 23/tcp
telnet 23/udp
# 24 - private mail system
lmtp 24/tcp # LMTP Mail Delivery
lmtp 24/udp # LMTP Mail Delivery

You can use the following six methods to view port information.

ss: can be used to dump socket statistics.

netstat: can display a list of open sockets.

lsof: can list open files.

fuser: can list the process IDs of processes that have files open.

nmap: is a network detection tool and port scanner.

systemctl: is the control manager and service manager of the systemd system.

Next we will find out the port number used by the sshd daemon.

Method 1: Using the ss command

ss is generally used to dump socket statistics. It produces output similar to that of netstat, but it displays more TCP information and status information than other tools.

It can also display all types of socket statistics, including PACKET, TCP, UDP, DCCP, RAW, Unix domain, etc.

# ss -tnlp | grep ssh
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=3))
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=4))

You can also check using the port number.

# ss -tnlp | grep ":22"
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=3))
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=4))

Method 2: Use the netstat command

netstat can display network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships.

By default, netstat lists open sockets. If you do not specify any address family, active sockets for all configured address families are displayed. But netstat is outdated and ss is generally used instead.

# netstat -tnlp | grep ssh
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 997/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 997/sshd

You can also check using the port number.

# netstat -tnlp | grep ":22"
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1208/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1208/sshd

Method 3: Using lsof command

lsof can list open files and list information about files opened by processes on the system.

# lsof -i -P | grep ssh
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
sshd 11584 root 3u IPv4 27625 0t0 TCP *:22 (LISTEN)
sshd 11584 root 4u IPv6 27627 0t0 TCP *:22 (LISTEN)
sshd 11592 root 3u IPv4 27744 0t0 TCP vps.2daygeek.com:ssh->103.5.134.167:49902 (ESTABLISHED)

You can also check using the port number.

# lsof -i tcp:22
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
sshd 1208 root 3u IPv4 20919 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
sshd 1208 root 4u IPv6 20921 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
sshd 11592 root 3u IPv4 27744 0t0 TCP vps.2daygeek.com:ssh->103.5.134.167:49902 (ESTABLISHED)

Method 4: Using fuser command

The fuser tool displays to standard output the process IDs of processes on the local system that have files open.

# fuser -v 22/tcp
 USER PID ACCESS COMMAND
22/tcp: root 1208 F....sshd
 root 12388 F....sshd
 root 49339 F....sshd

Method 5: Using nmap command

nmap ("Network Mapper") is an open source tool for network detection and security auditing. It was originally designed for fast scans of large networks, but it also works well for scanning single hosts.

nmap uses raw IP packets to determine the hosts available on the network, the services of those hosts (including application name and version), the operating system the host is running (including information such as the OS version), the type of packet filters or firewalls in use, and much other information.

# nmap -sV -p 22 localhost
Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2018-09-23 12:36 IST
Nmap scan report for localhost (127.0.0.1)
Host is up (0.000089s latency).
Other addresses for localhost (not scanned): 127.0.0.1
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.4 (protocol 2.0)
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.44 seconds

Method 6: Using systemctl command

systemctl is the control manager and service manager for the systemd system. It replaces the old SysV init system management and is currently used by most modern Linux operating systems.

# systemctl status sshd
● sshd.service – OpenSSH server daemon
 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
 Active: active (running) since Sun 2018-09-23 02:08:56 EDT; 6h 11min ago
 Docs: man:sshd(8)
 man:sshd_config(5)
 Main PID: 11584 (sshd)
 CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
 └─11584 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com systemd[1]: Starting OpenSSH server daemon...
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11584]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11584]: Server listening on :: port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon.
Sep 23 02:09:15 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11589]: Connection closed by 103.5.134.167 port 49899 [preauth]
Sep 23 02:09:41 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11592]: Accepted password for root from 103.5.134.167 port 49902 ssh2

The above output shows the listening port of the ssh service when the sshd service was started last time. But it doesn't update the latest log into the output.

# systemctl status sshd
● sshd.service – OpenSSH server daemon
 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
 Active: active (running) since Thu 2018-09-06 07:40:59 IST; 2 weeks 3 days ago
 Docs: man:sshd(8)
 man:sshd_config(5)
 Main PID: 1208 (sshd)
 CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
 ├─ 1208 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
 ├─23951 sshd: [accepted]
 └─23952 sshd: [net]
Sep 23 12:50:36 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: Invalid user pi from 95.210.113.142 port 51666
Sep 23 12:50:36 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: input_userauth_request: invalid user pi [preauth]
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=95.210.113.142
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=95.210.113.142
Sep 23 12:50:39 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: Failed password for invalid user pi from 95.210.113.142 port 51670 ssh2
Sep 23 12:50:39 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: Failed password for invalid user pi from 95.210.113.142 port 51666 ssh2
Sep 23 12:50:40 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: Connection closed by 95.210.113.142 port 51670 [preauth]
Sep 23 12:50:40 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: Connection closed by 95.210.113.142 port 51666 [preauth]

In most cases, the above output will not show the actual port number of the process. At this time, it is recommended to use the following journalctl command to check the detailed information in the log file.

# journalctl | grep -i "openssh\|sshd"
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca sshd[997]: Received signal 15; terminating.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca systemd[1]: Stopping OpenSSH server daemon...
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca systemd[1]: Starting OpenSSH server daemon...
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca sshd[11584]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca sshd[11584]: Server listening on :: port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon.

Checking the port number occupied by the Linux process is a must-have skill for our system administrators. Of the above 6 commands to check the ports occupied by the LINUX system process, you must know at least one of the other

For Linux system administrators, it is crucial to know whether a service is correctly bound to or listening to a port. If you need to deal with port related issues, this article may be useful to you.

A port is an identifier of a logical connection between specific processes on a Linux system, including physical ports and software ports. Since the Linux operating system is a piece of software, this article discusses only software ports. Software ports are always associated with the host's IP address and the relevant communication protocol, so ports are often used to distinguish between applications. Most services involving the network must open a socket to listen for incoming network requests, and each service uses a separate socket.

Sockets are used in combination with IP addresses, software ports, and protocols. Port numbers apply to both the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Both TCP and UDP can use port numbers between 0 and 65535 for communication.

The following are the port assignment categories:

0 - 1023: Common ports and system ports

1024 - 49151: Software registration port

49152 - 65535: Dynamic ports or private ports

More information about reserved ports can be found in the /etc/services file on Linux.

# less /etc/services
# /etc/services:
# $Id: services,v 1.55 2013/04/14 ovasik Exp $
#
# Network services, Internet style
# IANA services version: last updated 2013-04-10
#
# Note that it is currently the policy of IANA to assign a single well-known
# port number for both TCP and UDP; hence, most entries here have two entries
# even if the protocol doesn't support UDP operations.
# Updated from RFC 1700, ``Assigned Numbers'' (October 1994). Not all ports
# are included, only the more common ones.
#
# The latest IANA port assignments can be gotten from
# http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers
# The Well Known Ports are those from 0 through 1023.
# The Registered Ports are those from 1024 through 49151
# The Dynamic and/or Private Ports are those from 49152 through 65535
#
# Each line describes one service, and is of the form:
#
# service-name port/protocol [aliases ...] [# comment]
tcpmux 1/tcp # TCP port service multiplexer
tcpmux 1/udp # TCP port service multiplexer
rje 5/tcp # Remote Job Entry
rje 5/udp # Remote Job Entry
echo 7/tcp
echo 7/udp
discard 9/tcp sink null
discard 9/udp sink null
systat 11/tcp users
systat 11/udp users
daytime 13/tcp
daytime 13/udp
qotd 17/tcp quote
qotd 17/udp quote
msp 18/tcp # message send protocol (historic)
msp 18/udp # message send protocol (historic)
chargen 19/tcp ttytst source
chargen 19/udp ttytst source
ftp-data 20/tcp
ftp-data 20/udp
# 21 is registered to ftp, but also used by fsp
ftp 21/tcp
ftp 21/udp fsp fspd
ssh 22/tcp # The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol
ssh 22/udp # The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol
telnet 23/tcp
telnet 23/udp
# 24 - private mail system
lmtp 24/tcp # LMTP Mail Delivery
lmtp 24/udp # LMTP Mail Delivery

You can use the following six methods to view port information.

ss: can be used to dump socket statistics.

netstat: can display a list of open sockets.

lsof: can list open files.

fuser: can list the process IDs of processes that have files open.

nmap: is a network detection tool and port scanner.

systemctl: is the control manager and service manager of the systemd system.

Next we will find out the port number used by the sshd daemon.

Method 1: Using the ss command

ss is generally used to dump socket statistics. It produces output similar to that of netstat, but it displays more TCP information and status information than other tools.

It can also display all types of socket statistics, including PACKET, TCP, UDP, DCCP, RAW, Unix domain, etc.

# ss -tnlp | grep ssh
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=3))
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=4))

You can also check using the port number.

# ss -tnlp | grep ":22"
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=3))
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=4))

Method 2: Use the netstat command

netstat can display network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships.

By default, netstat lists open sockets. If you do not specify any address family, active sockets for all configured address families are displayed. But netstat is outdated and ss is generally used instead.

# netstat -tnlp | grep ssh
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 997/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 997/sshd

You can also check using the port number.

# netstat -tnlp | grep ":22"
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1208/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1208/sshd

Method 3: Using lsof command

lsof can list open files and list information about files opened by processes on the system.

# lsof -i -P | grep ssh
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
sshd 11584 root 3u IPv4 27625 0t0 TCP *:22 (LISTEN)
sshd 11584 root 4u IPv6 27627 0t0 TCP *:22 (LISTEN)
sshd 11592 root 3u IPv4 27744 0t0 TCP vps.2daygeek.com:ssh->103.5.134.167:49902 (ESTABLISHED)

You can also check using the port number.

# lsof -i tcp:22
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
sshd 1208 root 3u IPv4 20919 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
sshd 1208 root 4u IPv6 20921 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
sshd 11592 root 3u IPv4 27744 0t0 TCP vps.2daygeek.com:ssh->103.5.134.167:49902 (ESTABLISHED)

Method 4: Using fuser command

The fuser tool displays to standard output the process IDs of processes on the local system that have files open.

# fuser -v 22/tcp
 USER PID ACCESS COMMAND
22/tcp: root 1208 F....sshd
 root 12388 F....sshd
 root 49339 F....sshd

Method 5: Using nmap command

nmap ("Network Mapper") is an open source tool for network detection and security auditing. It was originally designed for fast scans of large networks, but it also works well for scanning single hosts.

nmap uses raw IP packets to determine the hosts available on the network, the services of those hosts (including application name and version), the operating system the host is running (including information such as the OS version), the type of packet filters or firewalls in use, and much other information.

# nmap -sV -p 22 localhost
Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2018-09-23 12:36 IST
Nmap scan report for localhost (127.0.0.1)
Host is up (0.000089s latency).
Other addresses for localhost (not scanned): 127.0.0.1
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.4 (protocol 2.0)
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.44 seconds

Method 6: Using systemctl command

systemctl is the control manager and service manager for the systemd system. It replaces the old SysV init system management and is currently used by most modern Linux operating systems.

# systemctl status sshd
● sshd.service – OpenSSH server daemon
 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
 Active: active (running) since Sun 2018-09-23 02:08:56 EDT; 6h 11min ago
 Docs: man:sshd(8)
 man:sshd_config(5)
 Main PID: 11584 (sshd)
 CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
 └─11584 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com systemd[1]: Starting OpenSSH server daemon...
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11584]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11584]: Server listening on :: port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon.
Sep 23 02:09:15 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11589]: Connection closed by 103.5.134.167 port 49899 [preauth]
Sep 23 02:09:41 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11592]: Accepted password for root from 103.5.134.167 port 49902 ssh2

The above output shows the listening port of the ssh service when the sshd service was started last time. But it doesn't update the latest log into the output.

# systemctl status sshd
● sshd.service – OpenSSH server daemon
 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
 Active: active (running) since Thu 2018-09-06 07:40:59 IST; 2 weeks 3 days ago
 Docs: man:sshd(8)
 man:sshd_config(5)
 Main PID: 1208 (sshd)
 CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
 ├─ 1208 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
 ├─23951 sshd: [accepted]
 └─23952 sshd: [net]
Sep 23 12:50:36 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: Invalid user pi from 95.210.113.142 port 51666
Sep 23 12:50:36 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: input_userauth_request: invalid user pi [preauth]
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=95.210.113.142
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=95.210.113.142
Sep 23 12:50:39 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: Failed password for invalid user pi from 95.210.113.142 port 51670 ssh2
Sep 23 12:50:39 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: Failed password for invalid user pi from 95.210.113.142 port 51666 ssh2
Sep 23 12:50:40 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: Connection closed by 95.210.113.142 port 51670 [preauth]
Sep 23 12:50:40 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: Connection closed by 95.210.113.142 port 51666 [preauth]

In most cases, the above output will not show the actual port number of the process. At this time, it is recommended to use the following journalctl command to check the detailed information in the log file.

# journalctl | grep -i "openssh\|sshd"
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca sshd[997]: Received signal 15; terminating.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca systemd[1]: Stopping OpenSSH server daemon...
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca systemd[1]: Starting OpenSSH server daemon...
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca sshd[11584]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca sshd[11584]: Server listening on :: port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon.

For Linux system administrators, it is crucial to know whether a service is correctly bound to or listening to a port. If you need to deal with port related issues, this article may be useful to you.

A port is an identifier of a logical connection between specific processes on a Linux system, including physical ports and software ports. Since the Linux operating system is a piece of software, this article discusses only software ports. Software ports are always associated with the host's IP address and the relevant communication protocol, so ports are often used to distinguish between applications. Most services involving the network must open a socket to listen for incoming network requests, and each service uses a separate socket.

Sockets are used in combination with IP addresses, software ports, and protocols. Port numbers apply to both the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Both TCP and UDP can use port numbers between 0 and 65535 for communication.

The following are the port assignment categories:

0 - 1023: Common ports and system ports

1024 - 49151: Software registration port

49152 - 65535: Dynamic ports or private ports

More information about reserved ports can be found in the /etc/services file on Linux.

# less /etc/services
# /etc/services:
# $Id: services,v 1.55 2013/04/14 ovasik Exp $
#
# Network services, Internet style
# IANA services version: last updated 2013-04-10
#
# Note that it is currently the policy of IANA to assign a single well-known
# port number for both TCP and UDP; hence, most entries here have two entries
# even if the protocol doesn't support UDP operations.
# Updated from RFC 1700, ``Assigned Numbers'' (October 1994). Not all ports
# are included, only the more common ones.
#
# The latest IANA port assignments can be gotten from
# http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers
# The Well Known Ports are those from 0 through 1023.
# The Registered Ports are those from 1024 through 49151
# The Dynamic and/or Private Ports are those from 49152 through 65535
#
# Each line describes one service, and is of the form:
#
# service-name port/protocol [aliases ...] [# comment]
tcpmux 1/tcp # TCP port service multiplexer
tcpmux 1/udp # TCP port service multiplexer
rje 5/tcp # Remote Job Entry
rje 5/udp # Remote Job Entry
echo 7/tcp
echo 7/udp
discard 9/tcp sink null
discard 9/udp sink null
systat 11/tcp users
systat 11/udp users
daytime 13/tcp
daytime 13/udp
qotd 17/tcp quote
qotd 17/udp quote
msp 18/tcp # message send protocol (historic)
msp 18/udp # message send protocol (historic)
chargen 19/tcp ttytst source
chargen 19/udp ttytst source
ftp-data 20/tcp
ftp-data 20/udp
# 21 is registered to ftp, but also used by fsp
ftp 21/tcp
ftp 21/udp fsp fspd
ssh 22/tcp # The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol
ssh 22/udp # The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol
telnet 23/tcp
telnet 23/udp
# 24 - private mail system
lmtp 24/tcp # LMTP Mail Delivery
lmtp 24/udp # LMTP Mail Delivery

You can use the following six methods to view port information.

ss: can be used to dump socket statistics.

netstat: can display a list of open sockets.

lsof: can list open files.

fuser: can list the process IDs of processes that have files open.

nmap: is a network detection tool and port scanner.

systemctl: is the control manager and service manager of the systemd system.

Next we will find out the port number used by the sshd daemon.

Method 1: Using the ss command

ss is generally used to dump socket statistics. It produces output similar to that of netstat, but it displays more TCP information and status information than other tools.

It can also display all types of socket statistics, including PACKET, TCP, UDP, DCCP, RAW, Unix domain, etc.

# ss -tnlp | grep ssh
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=3))
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=4))

You can also check using the port number.

# ss -tnlp | grep ":22"
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=3))
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=4))

Method 2: Use the netstat command

netstat can display network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships.

By default, netstat lists open sockets. If you do not specify any address family, active sockets for all configured address families are displayed. But netstat is outdated and ss is generally used instead.

# netstat -tnlp | grep ssh
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 997/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 997/sshd

You can also check using the port number.

# netstat -tnlp | grep ":22"
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1208/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1208/sshd

Method 3: Using lsof command

lsof can list open files and list information about files opened by processes on the system.

# lsof -i -P | grep ssh
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
sshd 11584 root 3u IPv4 27625 0t0 TCP *:22 (LISTEN)
sshd 11584 root 4u IPv6 27627 0t0 TCP *:22 (LISTEN)
sshd 11592 root 3u IPv4 27744 0t0 TCP vps.2daygeek.com:ssh->103.5.134.167:49902 (ESTABLISHED)

You can also check using the port number.

# lsof -i tcp:22
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
sshd 1208 root 3u IPv4 20919 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
sshd 1208 root 4u IPv6 20921 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
sshd 11592 root 3u IPv4 27744 0t0 TCP vps.2daygeek.com:ssh->103.5.134.167:49902 (ESTABLISHED)

Method 4: Using fuser command

The fuser tool displays to standard output the process IDs of processes on the local system that have files open.

# fuser -v 22/tcp
 USER PID ACCESS COMMAND
22/tcp: root 1208 F....sshd
 root 12388 F....sshd
 root 49339 F....sshd

Method 5: Using nmap command

nmap ("Network Mapper") is an open source tool for network detection and security auditing. It was originally designed for fast scans of large networks, but it also works well for scanning single hosts.

nmap uses raw IP packets to determine the hosts available on the network, the services of those hosts (including application name and version), the operating system the host is running (including information such as the OS version), the type of packet filters or firewalls in use, and much other information.

# nmap -sV -p 22 localhost
Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2018-09-23 12:36 IST
Nmap scan report for localhost (127.0.0.1)
Host is up (0.000089s latency).
Other addresses for localhost (not scanned): 127.0.0.1
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.4 (protocol 2.0)
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.44 seconds

Method 6: Using systemctl command

systemctl is the control manager and service manager for the systemd system. It replaces the old SysV init system management and is currently used by most modern Linux operating systems.

# systemctl status sshd
● sshd.service – OpenSSH server daemon
 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
 Active: active (running) since Sun 2018-09-23 02:08:56 EDT; 6h 11min ago
 Docs: man:sshd(8)
 man:sshd_config(5)
 Main PID: 11584 (sshd)
 CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
 └─11584 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com systemd[1]: Starting OpenSSH server daemon...
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11584]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11584]: Server listening on :: port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon.
Sep 23 02:09:15 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11589]: Connection closed by 103.5.134.167 port 49899 [preauth]
Sep 23 02:09:41 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11592]: Accepted password for root from 103.5.134.167 port 49902 ssh2

The above output shows the listening port of the ssh service when the sshd service was started last time. But it doesn't update the latest log into the output.

# systemctl status sshd
● sshd.service – OpenSSH server daemon
 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
 Active: active (running) since Thu 2018-09-06 07:40:59 IST; 2 weeks 3 days ago
 Docs: man:sshd(8)
 man:sshd_config(5)
 Main PID: 1208 (sshd)
 CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
 ├─ 1208 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
 ├─23951 sshd: [accepted]
 └─23952 sshd: [net]
Sep 23 12:50:36 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: Invalid user pi from 95.210.113.142 port 51666
Sep 23 12:50:36 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: input_userauth_request: invalid user pi [preauth]
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=95.210.113.142
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=95.210.113.142
Sep 23 12:50:39 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: Failed password for invalid user pi from 95.210.113.142 port 51670 ssh2
Sep 23 12:50:39 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: Failed password for invalid user pi from 95.210.113.142 port 51666 ssh2
Sep 23 12:50:40 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: Connection closed by 95.210.113.142 port 51670 [preauth]
Sep 23 12:50:40 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: Connection closed by 95.210.113.142 port 51666 [preauth]

In most cases, the above output will not show the actual port number of the process. At this time, it is recommended to use the following journalctl command to check the detailed information in the log file.

# journalctl | grep -i "openssh\|sshd"
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca sshd[997]: Received signal 15; terminating.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca systemd[1]: Stopping OpenSSH server daemon...
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca systemd[1]: Starting OpenSSH server daemon...
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca sshd[11584]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca sshd[11584]: Server listening on :: port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon.

afd

For Linux system administrators, it is crucial to know whether a service is correctly bound to or listening to a port. If you need to deal with port related issues, this article may be useful to you.

A port is an identifier of a logical connection between specific processes on a Linux system, including physical ports and software ports. Since the Linux operating system is a piece of software, this article discusses only software ports. Software ports are always associated with the host's IP address and the relevant communication protocol, so ports are often used to distinguish between applications. Most services involving the network must open a socket to listen for incoming network requests, and each service uses a separate socket.

Sockets are used in combination with IP addresses, software ports, and protocols. Port numbers apply to both the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Both TCP and UDP can use port numbers between 0 and 65535 for communication.

The following are the port assignment categories:

0 - 1023: Common ports and system ports

1024 - 49151: Software registration port

49152 - 65535: Dynamic ports or private ports

More information about reserved ports can be found in the /etc/services file on Linux.

# less /etc/services
# /etc/services:
# $Id: services,v 1.55 2013/04/14 ovasik Exp $
#
# Network services, Internet style
# IANA services version: last updated 2013-04-10
#
# Note that it is currently the policy of IANA to assign a single well-known
# port number for both TCP and UDP; hence, most entries here have two entries
# even if the protocol doesn't support UDP operations.
# Updated from RFC 1700, ``Assigned Numbers'' (October 1994). Not all ports
# are included, only the more common ones.
#
# The latest IANA port assignments can be gotten from
# http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers
# The Well Known Ports are those from 0 through 1023.
# The Registered Ports are those from 1024 through 49151
# The Dynamic and/or Private Ports are those from 49152 through 65535
#
# Each line describes one service, and is of the form:
#
# service-name port/protocol [aliases ...] [# comment]
tcpmux 1/tcp # TCP port service multiplexer
tcpmux 1/udp # TCP port service multiplexer
rje 5/tcp # Remote Job Entry
rje 5/udp # Remote Job Entry
echo 7/tcp
echo 7/udp
discard 9/tcp sink null
discard 9/udp sink null
systat 11/tcp users
systat 11/udp users
daytime 13/tcp
daytime 13/udp
qotd 17/tcp quote
qotd 17/udp quote
msp 18/tcp # message send protocol (historic)
msp 18/udp # message send protocol (historic)
chargen 19/tcp ttytst source
chargen 19/udp ttytst source
ftp-data 20/tcp
ftp-data 20/udp
# 21 is registered to ftp, but also used by fsp
ftp 21/tcp
ftp 21/udp fsp fspd
ssh 22/tcp # The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol
ssh 22/udp # The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol
telnet 23/tcp
telnet 23/udp
# 24 - private mail system
lmtp 24/tcp # LMTP Mail Delivery
lmtp 24/udp # LMTP Mail Delivery

You can use the following six methods to view port information.

ss: can be used to dump socket statistics.

netstat: can display a list of open sockets.

lsof: can list open files.

fuser: can list the process IDs of processes that have files open.

nmap: is a network detection tool and port scanner.

systemctl: is the control manager and service manager of the systemd system.

Next we will find out the port number used by the sshd daemon.

Method 1: Using the ss command

ss is generally used to dump socket statistics. It produces output similar to that of netstat, but it displays more TCP information and status information than other tools.

It can also display all types of socket statistics, including PACKET, TCP, UDP, DCCP, RAW, Unix domain, etc.

# ss -tnlp | grep ssh
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=3))
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=4))

You can also check using the port number.

# ss -tnlp | grep ":22"
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=3))
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=4))

Method 2: Use the netstat command

netstat can display network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships.

By default, netstat lists open sockets. If you do not specify any address family, active sockets for all configured address families are displayed. But netstat is outdated and ss is generally used instead.

# netstat -tnlp | grep ssh
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 997/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 997/sshd

You can also check using the port number.

# netstat -tnlp | grep ":22"
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1208/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1208/sshd

Method 3: Using lsof command

lsof can list open files and list information about files opened by processes on the system.

# lsof -i -P | grep ssh
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
sshd 11584 root 3u IPv4 27625 0t0 TCP *:22 (LISTEN)
sshd 11584 root 4u IPv6 27627 0t0 TCP *:22 (LISTEN)
sshd 11592 root 3u IPv4 27744 0t0 TCP vps.2daygeek.com:ssh->103.5.134.167:49902 (ESTABLISHED)

You can also check using the port number.

# lsof -i tcp:22
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
sshd 1208 root 3u IPv4 20919 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
sshd 1208 root 4u IPv6 20921 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
sshd 11592 root 3u IPv4 27744 0t0 TCP vps.2daygeek.com:ssh->103.5.134.167:49902 (ESTABLISHED)

Method 4: Using fuser command

The fuser tool displays to standard output the process IDs of processes on the local system that have files open.

# fuser -v 22/tcp
 USER PID ACCESS COMMAND
22/tcp: root 1208 F....sshd
 root 12388 F....sshd
 root 49339 F....sshd

Method 5: Using nmap command

nmap ("Network Mapper") is an open source tool for network detection and security auditing. It was originally designed for fast scans of large networks, but it also works well for scanning single hosts.

nmap uses raw IP packets to determine the hosts available on the network, the services of those hosts (including application name and version), the operating system the host is running (including information such as the OS version), the type of packet filters or firewalls in use, and much other information.

# nmap -sV -p 22 localhost
Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2018-09-23 12:36 IST
Nmap scan report for localhost (127.0.0.1)
Host is up (0.000089s latency).
Other addresses for localhost (not scanned): 127.0.0.1
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.4 (protocol 2.0)
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.44 seconds

Method 6: Using systemctl command

systemctl is the control manager and service manager for the systemd system. It replaces the old SysV init system management and is currently used by most modern Linux operating systems.

# systemctl status sshd
● sshd.service – OpenSSH server daemon
 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
 Active: active (running) since Sun 2018-09-23 02:08:56 EDT; 6h 11min ago
 Docs: man:sshd(8)
 man:sshd_config(5)
 Main PID: 11584 (sshd)
 CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
 └─11584 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com systemd[1]: Starting OpenSSH server daemon...
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11584]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11584]: Server listening on :: port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon.
Sep 23 02:09:15 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11589]: Connection closed by 103.5.134.167 port 49899 [preauth]
Sep 23 02:09:41 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11592]: Accepted password for root from 103.5.134.167 port 49902 ssh2

The above output shows the listening port of the ssh service when the sshd service was started last time. But it doesn't update the latest log into the output.

# systemctl status sshd
● sshd.service – OpenSSH server daemon
 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
 Active: active (running) since Thu 2018-09-06 07:40:59 IST; 2 weeks 3 days ago
 Docs: man:sshd(8)
 man:sshd_config(5)
 Main PID: 1208 (sshd)
 CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
 ├─ 1208 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
 ├─23951 sshd: [accepted]
 └─23952 sshd: [net]
Sep 23 12:50:36 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: Invalid user pi from 95.210.113.142 port 51666
Sep 23 12:50:36 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: input_userauth_request: invalid user pi [preauth]
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=95.210.113.142
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=95.210.113.142
Sep 23 12:50:39 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: Failed password for invalid user pi from 95.210.113.142 port 51670 ssh2
Sep 23 12:50:39 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: Failed password for invalid user pi from 95.210.113.142 port 51666 ssh2
Sep 23 12:50:40 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: Connection closed by 95.210.113.142 port 51670 [preauth]
Sep 23 12:50:40 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: Connection closed by 95.210.113.142 port 51666 [preauth]

In most cases, the above output will not show the actual port number of the process. At this time, it is recommended to use the following journalctl command to check the detailed information in the log file.

# journalctl | grep -i "openssh\|sshd"
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca sshd[997]: Received signal 15; terminating.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca systemd[1]: Stopping OpenSSH server daemon...
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca systemd[1]: Starting OpenSSH server daemon...
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca sshd[11584]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca sshd[11584]: Server listening on :: port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon.

Checking the port number occupied by the process in the Linux system is a skill that our system administrator must master. We must know at least one of the above 6 methods to check the process port. I hope everyone can master these contents

You may also be interested in:
  • How to view port usage in Linux and find and kill the occupying process
  • View the port number occupied by the process in Linux
  • How to check port usage in Linux using lsof -i:port
  • How to check whether a port is occupied in Linux
  • How to check which program/process occupies a port in Linux/window
  • How to view the process number and program name of the port occupied in Linux
  • LINUX Checks whether the port is occupied

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