A detailed introduction to the Linux directory structure

When you first start learning Linux, you first need to understand the Linux standard directory structure

/

root --- Some core files used when booting Linux. Such as operating system kernel, boot program Grub, etc.

Home --- Stores personal files of ordinary users

• ftp --- All user services
• httpd
• samba
• user1
• user2

bin --- executable files required for system startup (binary)

sbin --- A directory for executable programs, but mostly contains commands related to system management. Only root privileges can be executed

proc --- virtual, exists in the Linux kernel image; saves all kernel parameters and system configuration information

• 1 --- Process number

usr --- user directory, storing user-level files

• bin --- Almost all commands used by users, also stored in /bin, /usr/local/bin
• sbin --- System administrator commands, user-related, for example, most server programs
• include --- Directory for storing C/C++ header files
• lib --- Fixed program data
• local --- Locally installed software save location
• man --- Manually generated directories
• info --- Information document
• doc --- Documentation information for different packages
• tmp
• X11R6 --- This directory is used to store all the files needed to run X-Window. This directory also contains the configuration files and binaries needed to run the GUI.
• X386 --- Same functionality as X11R6, the system files for X11 release 5

boot --- Files required by the boot loader. The images required by the system are saved here

lib --- Common library of programs and core modules in the root file system directory

• modules --- loadable modules, required for restarting after a system crash

dev --- device file directory

etc --- Configuration files

• skel --- home directory is created and initialized
• sysconfig --- Network, time, keyboard and other configuration directories

var

• file
• lib --- The files in this directory will change when the system is running.
• local --- Program data installed in /usr/local, changes
• lock --- The file uses a specific peripheral or file, locks it, and other files cannot be accessed temporarily
• log --- log
• run --- System operation legal information
• spool --- Printer, mail, proxy server, etc. spool directory
• tmp
• catman --- Cache directory

mnt --- Temporary location for mounting file systems. Normally this directory is empty, but when we are going to mount the partition, we create a directory under this directory, and then mount the device we are going to access on this directory, so that we can access the files.

tmp --- Temporary file directory. Temporary files after system startup are stored in /var/tmp

/ : Root directory. Generally, only directories are stored in the root directory, not files. /etc, /bin, /dev, /lib, and /sbin should be placed in the same partition as the root directory.

/bin:/usr/bin : Directory for executable binary files, such as commonly used commands ls, tar, mv, cat, etc.

/boot : Places some files used when the Linux system starts. /boot/vmlinuz is the Linux kernel file, and /boot/gurb. It is recommended to create a separate partition with a size of 100M.

/dev : stores device files under the Linux system. Accessing a file under this directory is equivalent to accessing a device. The most commonly used method is to mount the CD-ROM drive: mount /dev/cdrom /mnt.

/etc : The directory where system configuration files are stored. It is not recommended to store executable files in this directory. Important configuration files include /etc/inittab, /etc/fstab, /etc/init.d, /etc/X11, /etc/sysconfig, and /etc/xinetd.d. Remember to back up the configuration files before modifying them.

Note: /etc/X11 stores settings related to X Windows.

/home : The system's default user home directory. When a new user account is added, the user's home directory is stored in this directory. ~ represents the current user's home directory, and ~test represents the home directory of user test. It is recommended to partition separately and set a larger disk space to facilitate users to store data

/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib : The directory of the function library used by the system. When the program needs to call some additional parameters during execution, it needs the assistance of the function library. The more important directory is /lib/modules.

/lost+fount : When a system exception occurs, some lost fragments will be placed in this directory. Usually this directory will automatically appear in the device directory. If the hard disk is loaded in /disk, the directory /disk/lost+found will be automatically generated under this directory

/mnt:/media : The default mount point for CDs. Usually, CDs are mounted at /mnt/cdrom, but it is not necessarily the case. You can choose any location to mount the CD.

/opt : The directory where additional software installed on the host is placed. For example, if you want to install new KDE desktop software by yourself, you can install the Fedora community-developed software used by FC4 in this directory. In previous Linux systems, it was usually placed in the /usr/local directory.

/proc : The data in this directory are all in memory, such as the system core, external devices, and network status. Since the data are all stored in memory, they do not take up disk space. The more important directories are /proc/cpuinfo, /proc/interrupts, /proc/dma, /proc/ioports, /proc/net/*, etc.

/root : The home directory of the system administrator root. The first partition started by the system is /, so it is best to place /root and / in one partition.

/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/sbin : Places executable commands used by system administrators, such as fdisk, shutdown, mount, etc. Unlike /bin, these directories are for commands used by the system administrator root. Ordinary users can only "view" them but cannot set or use them.

/tmp : A directory where general users or running programs temporarily store files. Anyone can access it. Important data should not be placed in this directory.

/srv : The data directory that needs to be accessed after the service is started. For example, the web page data that the www service needs to access is stored in /srv/www

/usr : The application storage directory, /usr/bin stores applications, /usr/share stores shared data, and /usr/lib stores some function library files that cannot be run directly but are required for the operation of many programs. /usr/local: stores software upgrade packages. /usr/share/doc: Directory for storing system description files. /usr/share/man: The directory where program description files are stored. When using man ls, the content of /usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz will be queried. It is recommended to partition it separately and set a larger disk space.

Related links

Linux Directory Structure

Linux's directory structure

Linux Directory Structure

This is the end of this article about the detailed introduction of Linux directory structure. For more relevant Linux directory structure content, please search 123WORDPRESS.COM's previous articles or continue to browse the following related articles. I hope everyone will support 123WORDPRESS.COM in the future!