MySQL character types are case sensitive

(root@localhost)[hello]> create table test1(id int, name varchar(10));
(root@localhost)[hello]> insert into test1 values(1,'aaa'),(2,'AAA'),(3,'bbb'),(4,'BbB');
(root@localhost)[hello]> select * from test1;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | aaa |
| 2 | AAA |
| 3 | bbb |
| 4 | BbB |
+------+------+

(root@localhost)[hello]> select * from test1 where name = 'AAA';
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | aaa |
| 2 | AAA |
+------+------+

(root@localhost)[hello]> select * from test1 where name = 'aaa';
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | aaa |
| 2 | AAA |
+------+------+

(root@localhost)[hello]> select * from test1 where binary name = 'AAA';
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 2 | AAA |
+------+------+

(root@localhost)[hello]> show create table test1\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
  Table: test1
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `test1` (
 `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
 `name` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4

alter table test1 modify column name varchar(10) character set utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_bin default null;

(root@localhost)[hello]> show create table test1\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
  Table: test1
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `test1` (
 `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
 `name` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_bin DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4

(root@localhost)[hello]> select * from test1 where name='AAA';
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 2 | AAA |
+------+------+

(root@localhost)[hello]> create table test2(id int, name varchar(10) binary);
(root@localhost)[hello]> show create table test2\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
  Table: test2
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `test2` (
 `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
 `name` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_bin DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4

create database <db_name> default character set utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_bin;

alter database <db_name> default character set utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_bin;

create table <tb_name> (
......
) engine=innodb default charset=utf8mb4 collate=utf8mb4_bin;

alter table <tb_name> engine=innodb default charset=utf8mb4 collate=utf8mb4_bin;

create table <tb_name> (
`field1` varchar(10) character set utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_bin,
......
)

alter table <tb_name> modify column `field1` varchar(10) character set utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_bin default null;