The correspondence between Tomcat and JDK versions and the features of each Tomcat version

Apache Tomcat is an open source software that implements Java Servlet and Java Server Pages technologies. Different versions of Servlet and JSP specifications can use different versions of Apache Tomcat. The correspondence between Tomcat and JDK versions is:

These versions are described in more detail below to help you decide which one is right for you. For more details about each release, see the relevant release notes.

Please note that although we provide downloads and documentation for older versions, such as Apache Tomcat 7.x, we strongly recommend that users use the latest stable version of Apache Tomcat whenever possible. We recognize that upgrading across major versions may not be an easy task, and some support is still provided in the list for users of older versions. However, due to the community-driven approach to support, the older your version, the fewer people will be interested or able to support you.

Alpha / Beta / Stable

Tomcat has three main versions. The initial release of a major version usually goes from Alpha to Beta and then to Stable.

Alpha releases may contain significant amounts of untested/missing functionality required by the specification and/or significant bugs, and are not expected to function stably for any period of time.

Beta releases may contain some untested features and/or many relatively minor bugs. Beta versions are not expected to run stably.

Stable releases may contain a small number of relatively minor bugs. Stable releases are intended for production use and are expected to run stably for a longer period of time.

Apache Tomcat 9.x

Apache Tomcat 9.x is the current development focus. It is built on top of Tomcat 8.0.x and 8.5.x and implements the Servlet 4.0, JSP 2.3, EL 3.0, WebSocket 1.1, and JASPIC 1.1 specifications (the versions required by the Java EE 8 platform). In addition, it includes the following important improvements:

• Adds support for HTTP/2 (requires running on Java 9 (since Apache Tomcat 9.0.0.M18) or Tomcat Native library being installed)
• Added support for using OpenSSL for TLS support for JSSE connectors (NIO and NIO2)
• Added support for TLS virtual hosting (SNI)

Apache Tomcat 8.x

Apache Tomcat 8.0.x is built on top of Tomcat 7.0.x and implements the Servlet 3.1, JSP 2.3, EL 3.0, and WebSocket 1.1 specifications. In addition, it includes the following important improvements:

• A single common resource implementation to replace the multiple resource extensions functionality provided in earlier versions.

Apache Tomcat 8.5.x supports the same Servlet, JSP, EL, and WebSocket specification versions as Apache Tomcat 8.0.x. Among other things, it implements the JASPIC 1.1 specification.

It was derived from the Tomcat 9.0.0.M4 (alpha) milestone release in March 2016. It provides HTTP/2 support and other features of the Tomcat 9.x codebase while being compatible with the Tomcat 8.0 runtime and specification requirements. (It was not possible to create a stable Tomcat 9.0 version at that time, and the Java EE specification for Tomcat 9 was finalized several years later).

Tomcat 8.5 is considered as the replacement for Tomcat 8.0. See the Migration Guide for guidance on migrating to Tomcat 8.5.

Apache Tomcat 8.5.x includes the following important improvements:

• Add support for HTTP/2 (requires Tomcat Native library)
• Added support for using OpenSSL for TLS support for JSSE connectors (NIO and NIO2)
• Added support for TLS virtual hosting (SNI)

The following technologies are removed in Apache Tomcat 8.5.x:

• BIO implementation for HTTP and AJP connectors
• Support Comet API

Tomcat 8.5 includes significant changes in many areas, improving performance, stability, and total cost of ownership. Refer to the Apache Tomcat 8.5 change log for details.

Users of Tomcat 8.0 should be aware that Tomcat 8.0 has now reached end of life development. Users of Tomcat 8.0.x should upgrade to Tomcat 8.5.x or later.

Apache Tomcat 7.x

Apache Tomcat 7.x builds on the improvements made in Tomcat 6.0.x and implements the Servlet 3.0, JSP 2.2, EL 2.2, and WebSocket 1.1 specifications. Among other things, it includes the following improvements:

• Web Application Memory Leak Detection and Prevention
• Improved security of Manager and Host Manager applications
• Generic CSRF Protection
• Support for including external content directly in your web application
• Refactoring (connectors, lifecycle) and lots of internal code cleanup

Apache Tomcat 6.x

Apache Tomcat 6.x builds on the improvements made to Tomcat 5.5.x and implements the Servlet 2.5 and JSP 2.1 specifications. Among other things, it includes the following improvements:

• Optimizing memory usage
• Advanced IO functions
• Refactoring Cluster

Users of Tomcat 6 should be aware that Tomcat 6 development has now ceased. Users of Tomcat 6.x should upgrade to Tomcat 7.x or later.

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