Docker online and offline installation and common command operations

1. Test environment

2. Online Installation

Here, the yum source command is used to install the previously prepared dependency packages, including yum-utils, device-mapper-persistent-data, and lvm2

sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

Because the network speed of the official image repository is slow, Alibaba Cloud image proxy is set up here to quickly download and upload images.

sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

Next, install Docker-CE Community Edition and view the Docker Community Edition installation package list using the following command. The Docker version information is shown in the figure below.

yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r

Select the corresponding version to install docker

sudo yum install docker-ce.x86_64

start up

sudo systemctl enable docker

sudo systemctl start docker

Verification: View the version information command. When the following figure appears, it indicates that the installation is successful.

docker version

3. Offline installation

The following three methods are provided to download the Docker offline installation package:

Docker official address: docker down

1. Baidu Cloud download address: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1tZpsOvY0wmCfwHXlNJuq8Q Extraction code: rhaq

2. Run the command to download from the network server: wget https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-18.09.6.tgz

3. Official reference document: https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/docker-ce/binaries/#install-static-binaries

Copy the downloaded docker offline package to the server and decompress the compressed package

tar -xvf docker-18.09.6.tgz

Move the unzipped docker file contents to the /usr/bin/ directory

cp docker/* /usr/bin/

Register and edit docker service

vim /etc/systemd/system/docker.service

Write the following content and save it

[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target
 
[Service]
Type=notify
# the default is not to use systemd for cgroups because the delegate issues still
# exists and systemd currently does not support the cgroup feature set required
# for containers run by docker
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
# Having non-zero Limit*s causes performance problems due to accounting overhead
# in the kernel. We recommend using cgroups to do container-local accounting.
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
# Uncomment TasksMax if your systemd version supports it.
# Only systemd 226 and above support this version.
#TasksMax=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
# set delegate yes so that systemd does not reset the cgroups of docker containers
Delegate=yes
# kill only the docker process, not all processes in the cgroup
KillMode=process
# restart the docker process if it exits prematurely
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Start after adding permissions

chmod +x /etc/systemd/system/docker.service

Reload the configuration file

systemctl daemon-reload

Start Docker

systemctl start docker

Set up automatic startup

systemctl enable docker.service

Verify that the installation is successful

systemctl status docker

docker -v

**

4. Common commands (searching and downloading local images that do not require Internet access)

**

Search mirrors,

#docker search image name

docker search java

Download image

#docker pull image name

docker pull java

View the downloaded image

docker images

Deleting an image

Delete a single image: docker rmi image name

Delete all images: docker rmi -f $(docker images)

Operation Container

Use the docker run command to create and start a container. For example, use the java image to start: docker run java /bin/echo 'Hello World'

Other optional startup parameters:

-d option: indicates background operation

-P option: random port mapping

-p option: specifies port mapping, there are four modes:

① ip:hostPort:containerPort

② ip::containerPort

③ hostPort:containerPort

④ containerPort

Example test Nginx container

docker run --name nginxTest -d -p 91:80 nginx

Note: When Docker starts a container, it will automatically download the reference from Docker Hup if the container is not available locally.

-d # background run

-p #Host port: container port #Open container port to host port

–name #Custom container name

Use the browser to access http://server ip:91. If the Nginx homepage appears, it means the startup is successful.

View container status

View the details of the running container docker ps

View all container details docker ps -a

– CONTAINER ID #Container ID

– IMAGE #image

– CREATED #Creation time

– STATUS #Status Up means it is running, Exited means it has stopped running

–PORTS #Ports

– NAMES #Container name

View container logs

Format: docker logs -f -t --tail line number container name or docker logs -f -t --tail line number container ID

docker logs -f -t --tail 200 483a128fdb39

Stop the container

docker stop container ID or docker stop container name

Force stop container

docker kill container ID

Start a stopped container

docker start container ID

Restarting the container

docker restart container id

Entering the container

(1) When using the docker attach command to attach a container, multiple windows can cause synchronous display and blocking issues.

docker attach container id

(2) Use nsenter to enter the container

docker inspect --format "{{.State.Pid}}" container ID #query pid

nsenter --target query pid --mount --uts --ipt --net --pid

(3) It is recommended to use the docker exec command, which is available in versions 1.3.x and later.

docker exec -it container ID /bin/bash

View container details

docker inspect container id

Deleting a container

docker rm container ID

#This command cannot delete a running container. To delete it, add the -f parameter

Packaging images as offline packages

docker save -o filename.tar image name

Load offline image package

docker load < filename.tar

Building a Docker image using Dockerfile

Take the Nginx created above as an example and create a dockerfiler file

touch Dockerfile

Edit the Dockerfiler file

vim Dockerfile

Fill in the following content

FROM nginx
#Add the directory after entering the docker container (optional)
WORKDIR /opt/hello

RUN echo '<h1>Hello World! </h1>' > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html

Execute the following command in the path where the Dockerfile is located

docker build -t nginx:my .

Start a Docker container

docker run -d -p 92:80 nginx:my

Of course, you can also specify the configuration file path

docker run -d -p 92:80 -v /u01/hello/config:/opt/hello/config nginx:my

Note: -d runs in the background, -p exposes the port to the outside world: the internal port -v linux file path: the path inside the container --name container nickname image started: version number

After that, you only need to modify the configuration in /u01/hello/config under Linux and restart the container to load it.

Visit http://ip:92 with your browser and you will see the message "Hello World!"

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