Analysis of Alibaba Cloud CentOS7 server nginx configuration and FAQs

Preface:

This article refers to jackyzm's blog: https://www.cnblogs.com/jackyzm/p/9600738.html, and updates the content. Please note that the version applicable here is the centos7 version. The configuration method in this article has failed on version 8, so it is best to determine the server version before viewing this article.

As for the treatment of some nginx problems, we refer to the article: http://www.mamicode.com/info-detail-3008792.html, some of the errors included are as follows:

1.make[1]: *** [objs/Makefile:473: objs/src/core/ngx_murmurhash.o] Error 1

2.make[1]: *** [objs/Makefile:774: objs/src/os/unix/ngx_user.o] Error 1

3.make[1]: *** [objs/Makefile:769: objs/src/event/ngx_event_openssl.o] Error 1

This article explains the solutions and process improvements for these and other problems.

Content flow:

0. Preliminary instructions, 1. Install the gcc environment, 2. Install the pcre library, 3. Install the ssl library, 4. Install the zlib library, 5. Install nginx, Appendix: Possible problems with nginx during the make process, 6. Start and use nginx, 7. Solve the problem of inaccessibility after nginx is started

Specific content:

0. Preliminary instructions

In the centos system, the yum source does not directly provide nginx installation, so you can install nginx by switching the yum source, or by directly downloading the dependency library and nginx installation package. This article introduces the latter.

The relationship between some necessary libraries and nginx: the gzip module in nginx requires the zlib library, the rewrite module requires the pcre library, and the ssl function requires the openssl library

Then this article will select /usr/local as the installation directory. The specific version numbers of some libraries can be changed according to actual needs, but due to their mutual dependence, the latest ones may have some problems, so choose carefully.

The following commands must be executed with root privileges:

1. Install gcc gcc-c++ (if it is a new environment, please install it first if it is not installed)

$ yum install -y gcc gcc-c++

2. Install the pcre library

$ cd /usr/local/

$ wget https://sourceforge.net/projects/pcre/files/pcre/8.36/pcre-8.36.tar.gz

(Note: the pcre version will be updated in real time. Version 8.36 is also an old version. If you need the latest version, you can search for pcre yourself and then select the new version. However, the new version may be unstable, so please pay attention.

The current URL to obtain the new version is: https://sourceforge.net/projects/pcre/files/pcre/)

$ tar -zxvf pcre-8.36.tar.gz

$ cd pcre-8.36

$ ./configure

$ make && make install

If an error is reported: configure: error: You need a C++ compiler for C++ support

Solution: yum install -y gcc gcc-c++

3. Install SSL library

$ cd /usr/local/

$ wget https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.1j.tar.gz

(Note: openssl also has version updates, here is the 2020.04 version, the current URL to obtain the new version is to visit: https://www.openssl.org/source/

The reason why I didn't use 1.1.x or other versions here is that I encountered an unsolvable error when installing nginx later, so I chose this older version. If it can be solved, you can try it. I would be even more grateful if you can tell me the solution or successful case.)

$ tar -zxvf openssl-1.0.1j.tar.gz

$ cd openssl-1.0.1j

$ ./config

$ make && make install

4. Install zlib library

$ cd /usr/local/

$ wget http://zlib.net/zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz

(Note: Same as before, the website for updated versions is: http://zlib.net/)

$ tar -zxvf zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz

$ cd zlib-1.2.11

$ ./configure

$ make && make install

5. Install nginx

$ cd /usr/local/

$ wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz

(Note: As before, the URL for obtaining the new version is: http://nginx.org/download/)

$ tar -zxvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz

$ cd nginx-1.8.0

$ ./configure --user=nobody --group=nobody --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_ssl_module--with-pcre=/usr/local/pcre-8.36 --with-zlib=/usr/local/zlib-1.2.11 --with-openssl=/usr/local/openssl-1.0.1j

(Note: If --with-http_ssl_module: is not added after configuring ssl: on in nginx.conf, the startup will report nginx: [emerg] unknown directive "ssl" in /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf exception; the specification of pcre, zlib, openssl, etc. is to ensure that nginx can match the previously downloaded version. Note that the path and version number need to be modified to correspond to the previously downloaded version)

$ make && make install

Appendix: Problems that may occur during the make process of nginx:

Error 1: make[1]: *** [objs/Makefile:460: objs/src/core/ngx_murmurhash.o] Error 1

Treat warnings as errors and terminate the program

Solution: Go to the objs folder of the nginx installation directory and modify the Makefile file:

Press a to enter edit mode, remove -Werror in CFLAGS, then press esc, enter :wq to save and exit

Then try the make && make install command again

Error 2: make[1]: *** [objs/Makefile:747: objs/src/os/unix/ngx_user.o] Error 1

It reminds us that struct crypt_data' has no member named 'current_salt': cd.current_salt[0] = ~salt[0]; the original author said that the best way is to change the version. The 1.9 selected here has an error, but it still has no effect after switching to nginx1.8, so an alternative solution is used based on nginx1.8: Code comments

That is, in the nginx installation directory, execute vim src/os/unix/ngx_user.c to comment the code on line 36 of ngx_user.c, as follows:

Then save and exit, try make && make install again

Error 3: make[1]: *** [objs/Makefile:769: objs/src/event/ngx_event_openssl.o] Error 1

This indicates that the SSL version has not been informed to nginx. This is probably because the SSL version was not specified during the previous ./configure. Reconfigure is required, that is, the SSL specification needs to be added during configure.

--with-openssl=/usr/local/openssl-1.0.1j

Error 4: ./configure: error: SSL modules require the OpenSSL library.

You can try to execute the command:

yum -y install openssl openssl-devel

Error 5: ./configure: error: the HTTP gzip module requires the zlib library

The paths of the other two libraries were not specified during configure. Add the following command after –prefix (see the execution of the ./configure command for specific usage):

--with-pcre=/usr/local/pcre-8.36 refers to the source path of pcre-8.36. --with-zlib=/usr/local/zlib-1.2.11 refers to the source path of zlib-1.2.11.

If the above error still cannot solve the problem, it is best to check whether the centos version is 7. I succeeded directly after changing the system version. If you encounter other errors, it is best to search for them. We are very sorry if we cannot solve them.

6. Start and use nginx

$ /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

Sign of successful startup: Open the browser and access the server's IP address. If the browser displays Welcome to nginx!, it means that nginx has been installed and running successfully.

Some other commands are as follows:

Restart:

$ /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

stop:

$ /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop

Test whether the configuration file is normal:

$ /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

Force Close:

$ pkill nginx

Note: There is no soft link set here, so it can only be managed through such a long instruction. If necessary, you can retrieve and process it yourself. If I have time later, I will update it to this article.

7.Solution to the problem of inaccessibility after nginx is started

If you still can't see the nginx page here, it may be because the server's security group is not configured. For example, Alibaba Cloud needs to add http and port 80 configuration here, as follows:

After the security group is configured, just refresh the page to see the nginx success page.

Finally, I wish you all a smooth configuration.

This is the end of this article about analyzing the nginx configuration of Alibaba Cloud CentOS7 server and answering common questions. For more information about the nginx configuration of Alibaba Cloud CentOS7, please search for previous articles on 123WORDPRESS.COM or continue to browse the following related articles. I hope you will support 123WORDPRESS.COM in the future!