Friendly Alternatives to Find Tool in Linux

The find command is used to search for files in a specified directory. Any string preceding the argument is interpreted as the name of a directory to search. If you do not set any parameters when using this command, the find command will search for subdirectories and files in the current directory. And all the found subdirectories and files will be displayed.

grammar

find(選項)(參數)

Options

• -amin<minutes>: Search for files or directories that have been accessed within the specified time, in minutes;
• -anewer <reference file or directory>: Search for files or directories whose access time is closer to the current time than the access time of the specified file or directory;
• -atime<24 hours>: Search for files or directories that have been accessed at the specified time, in units of 24 hours;
• -cmin<minute>: Find files or directories that have been changed at the specified time;
• -cnewer <reference file or directory> finds files or directories whose modification time is closer to the present than the modification time of the specified file or directory;
• -ctime<24 hours>: Search for files or directories that have been changed at the specified time, calculated in 24 hours;
• -daystart: start calculating time from today;
• -depth: Start searching from the deepest subdirectory under the specified directory;
• -expty: Search for files with a size of 0 Byte, or empty directories without any subdirectories or files;
• -exec<exec command>: Assuming the return value of the find command is True, execute the command;
• -false: Set the return value of the find command to False;
• -fls<list file>: The effect of this parameter is similar to specifying the "-ls" parameter, but the result will be saved as the specified list file;
• -follow: exclude symbolic links;
• -fprint<list file>: The effect of this parameter is similar to specifying the "-print" parameter, but the results will be saved as the specified list file;
• -fprint0<list file>: The effect of this parameter is similar to specifying the "-print0" parameter, but the result will be saved as the specified list file;
• -fprintf<list file><output format>: The effect of this parameter is similar to specifying the "-printf" parameter, but the result will be saved as the specified list file;
• -fstype<file system type>: only search for files or directories under this file system type;
• -gid<group identifier>: Search for files or directories that match the specified group identifier;
• -group<group name>: Search for files or directories that match the specified group name;
• -help or --help: online help;
• -ilname<template style>: The effect of this parameter is similar to specifying the "-lname" parameter, but the difference in character case is ignored;
• -iname<template style>: The effect of this parameter is similar to specifying the "-name" parameter, but the difference in character case is ignored;
• -inum<inode number>: Search for files or directories that match the specified inode number;
• -ipath<template style>: The effect of this parameter is similar to specifying the "-path" parameter, but the difference in character case is ignored;
• -iregex<template style>: The effect of this parameter is similar to specifying the "-regexe" parameter, but ignores the difference in character case;
• -links<number of links>: Search for files or directories that match the specified number of hard links;
• -iname<template style>: specifies a string as a template style for finding symbolic links;
• -ls: Assuming the return value of the find command is True, the file or directory name is listed to standard output;
• -maxdepth<directory level>: Set the maximum directory level;
• -mindepth<directory level>: Set the minimum directory level;
• -mmin<minutes>: Search for files or directories that have been changed within the specified time, in minutes;
• -mount: The effect of this parameter is the same as specifying "-xdev";
• -mtime<24 hours>: Search for files or directories that have been changed at the specified time, calculated in 24 hours;
• -name<template style>: specifies a string as a template style for searching files or directories;
• -newer<reference file or directory>: Search for files or directories whose modification time is closer to the present than that of the specified file or directory;
• -nogroup: Find files or directories that do not belong to the local host group identifier;
• -noleaf: Do not consider that the directory must have at least two hard links;
• -nouser: Find files or directories that do not belong to the local host user identification code;
• -ok<execute command>: The effect of this parameter is similar to specifying "-exec", but the user will be asked before executing the command. If the answer is "y" or "Y", the command will be abandoned;
• -path<template style>: specifies a string as a template style for searching directories;
• -perm<permission value>: Search for files or directories that match the specified permission value;
• -print: Assuming the return value of the find command is True, the file or directory name is listed to the standard output. The format is one name per column, and each name is preceded by a "./" string;
• -print0: Assuming the return value of the find command is True, the file or directory name is listed to the standard output. The format is that all names are on one line;
• -printf<output format>: Assuming the return value of the find command is True, the file or directory name will be listed to the standard output. The format can be specified by yourself;
• -prune: Do not search for strings as template patterns for searching files or directories;
• -regex<template pattern>: specifies a string as a template pattern for searching files or directories;
• -size<file size>: Search for files that match the specified file size;
• -true: Set the return value of the find command to True;
• -typ<file type>: only search for files that match the specified file type;
• -uid<user identification code>: Search for files or directories that match the specified user identification code;
• -used<number of days>: Search for files or directories that have been accessed within the specified time after the file or directory was changed, in days;
• -user<owner name>: Search for files or directories with the specified owner name;
• -version or --version: Display version information;
• -xdev: limit the scope to the preceding file system;
• -xtype<file type>: The effect of this parameter is similar to specifying the "-type" parameter, the difference is that it checks for symbolic links.
  

parameter

Starting Directory: The starting directory to search for files.

FD

fd is a blazingly fast, Rust-based replacement for the Unix/Linux find command. It does not provide all of the powerful features of find. However, it does provide enough functionality to cover 80% of the situations you are likely to encounter. Features such as well-planned and convenient syntax, colored output, smart casing, regular expressions, and parallel command execution make fd a very capable successor.

Install

Go to the fd GitHub page and see the installation section. It covers how to install programs on macOS, Debian/Ubuntu Red Hat, and Arch Linux. Once installed, you can get a complete overview of all available command line options by running help, fd -h for concise help, or fd --help for more detailed help.

Simple search

fd is designed to help you easily find files and folders in your file system. You can perform the simplest search using fd with a single argument, which is whatever you are searching for. For example, suppose you want to find Markdown documents that contain the word services as part of the file name:

$ fd services
downloads/services.md

If called with only one argument, fd recursively searches the current directory for any files and/or directories that match the given argument. An equivalent search using the built-in find command would be:

$ find . -name 'services'
downloads/services.md

As you can see, fd is much simpler and requires less typing. Doing more with less input is always right in my mind.

Files and folders

You can limit the search to files or directories using the -t parameter followed by the letter that represents what you are searching for. For example, to find all files in the current directory that contain services in their filenames, you could use:

$ fd -tf services
downloads/services.md

And, find all directories in the current directory whose file names contain services:

$ fd -td services
applications/services
library/services

How to list all documents with .md extension in the current folder?

$ fd .md
administration/administration.md
development/elixir/elixir_install.md
readme.md
sidebar.md
linux.md

As you can see from the output, fd can not only find and list files in the current folder, but also find files in subfolders. It's very simple.

You can even search for hidden files using the -H switch:

fd -H sessions .
.bash_sessions

Specify a directory

If you want to search a specific directory, the name of the directory can be passed as the second argument to fd:

$ fd passwd /etc
/etc/default/passwd
/etc/pam.d/passwd
/etc/passwd

In this example, we tell fd that we want to search the etc directory for all instances of the word passwd.

Global Search

What if you know part of the file name, but not the folder? Suppose you downloaded a book on Linux network administration, but you don't know where it is saved. No problem:

fd Administration /
/Users/pmullins/Documents/Books/Linux/Mastering Linux Network Administration.epub

fd is an excellent replacement for the find command and I'm sure you'll find it as useful as I do. To know more about the command, just browse the man page.

Summarize

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