Improvements to the web server to improve website performance
<br />In the first section of this series, we discussed 10 principles related to website "content" to improve website performance. In addition to improving the content of the website, there are also areas that need attention and improvement on the website server side, including:
11. Use a content distribution network <br />The proximity of the user to your website server will affect the response time. Distributing your website content across multiple servers in different geographical locations can speed up download times. But what should we do first? The first step in locating your content is not to try to re-architect your sites to work properly on your distribution servers. Change the website structure according to the needs of the application, which may include some complex tasks, such as synchronizing session state between servers and merging database updates. These architectural steps may be unavoidable in order to shorten the distance between users and content servers. Remember that 80% to 90% of the end-user response time is spent downloading page content such as images, style sheets, scripts, Flash, etc. These are the golden rules for website performance. Rather than embarking on the difficult task of redesigning your application architecture, it is often better to distribute static content first. Not only does this improve response time, but it is also much easier to implement for content delivery networks. Content Delivery Network (CDN) is composed of a series of web servers distributed in different geographical locations, which improves the transmission speed of website content. The servers used to deliver content to users are primarily designated based on their proximity to the users on the network. For example, the server with the fewest network hops and the fastest response time will be selected. Click here to view the content of the web page production tutorial channel. Some large Internet companies have their own CDN, but the cost of using CDN services such as Akamai Technologies, Mirror Image Internet, or Limelight Networks is very high. For businesses and personal websites that are just starting out, there may not be the cost budget to use CDN, but as the target user base continues to expand and become more global, CDN is necessary to achieve fast response. For example, Yahoo has saved more than 20% of the response time for end users by transferring the static content of their website programs to CDN. Using a CDN is a relatively simple way to significantly improve website access speed by modifying the code. 12. Specify Expires or Cache-Control for the file header This rule has two aspects: For static content: Set the file header expiration time Expires value to "Never expire" For dynamic content: Use appropriate Cache-Control file headers to help browsers make conditional requests. Web page content design is becoming more and more rich, which means that the page must contain more scripts, style sheets, images, and Flash. A first-time user visiting your page means multiple HTTP requests, but by using the Expires header you can make the content cacheable. It avoids unnecessary HTTP requests on subsequent page visits. The Expires header is often used for image files, but should be used for all content, including scripts, style sheets, and Flash. Browsers (and proxies) use caches to reduce the size and number of HTTP requests to speed up page access. Web servers use the Expires header in HTTP responses to tell clients how long to cache the content. The following example shows a longer Expires header, telling the browser that the response will not expire until April 15, 2010. Expires: Thu, 15 Apr 2010 20:00:00 GMT If you are using Apache server, you can use ExpiresDefault to set the expiration time relative to the current date. The following example uses ExpiresDefault to set a file header that expires 10 years after the request time: ExpiresDefault "access plus 10 years" It is important to remember that if you use the Expires header, you must change the content file name when the page content changes. At Yahoo! we often use this procedure: add the version number to the content file name, such as yahoo_2.0.6.js. Using the Expires header will only take effect after the user has already visited your website. This is ineffective in reducing the number of HTTP requests when a user first visits your site because the browser's cache is empty. So how much this improves your site's performance will depend on how often your page is hit while their "pre-cache" exists (which already contains all the content on the page). Yahoo! has established a measurement method, and we found that 75-85% of all page views are "pre-cached". By using the Expires header, you increase the amount of content that is cached in the browser and can be used again in the user's next request, without the user even having to send a single byte of the request. Previous Page 1 2 3 Next Page Read More |
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