Detailed explanation of several commands in Linux to obtain detailed hardware information

In Linux systems, especially server systems, it is often necessary to view the hardware information of devices. At this time, it is very convenient to use commands to view it. This article introduces several commands for viewing hardware information in Linux systems, namely lspci, lsblk, lscpu and lsusb.

lspci Command

As can be roughly seen from the combination of command names ls+pci, lspci is used to display information about the PCI bus in the system and the devices connected to it. By default it displays a short list of devices, but more detailed information can be displayed if specified with options.

Syntax format:

lspci [參數]

Common parameters:

Example of use:
By default, directly enter this command in the terminal to display all PCI bus information of the current host:

lspci

The output is similar to the following:

00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v2/Xeon E5 v2/Core i7 DMI2 (rev 04)
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v2/Xeon E5 v2/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 1a (rev 04)
00:02.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v2/Xeon E5 v2/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 2a (rev 04)
00:02.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v2/Xeon E5 v2/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 2c (rev 04)
00:03.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v2/Xeon E5 v2/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 3a (rev 04)
00:05.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v2/Xeon E5 v2/Core i7 VTd/Memory Map/Misc (rev 04)
00:05.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v2/Xeon E5 v2/Core i7 IIO RAS (rev 04)
00:05.4 PIC: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v2/Xeon E5 v2/Core i7 IOAPIC (rev 04)
.....

The hierarchical relationship of PCI devices is displayed in a tree structure:

lspci -t

Output:

-+-[0000:ff]-+-08.0
| +-09.0
| +-0a.0
| +-0a.1
| +-0a.2
| +-0a.3
| +-0b.0
| +-0b.3
| +-0c.0
| +-0c.1
| +-0c.2
| +-0c.3
| +-0d.0
| +-0d.1
| +-0d.2
| +-0d.3
| +-0e.0
| +-0e.1
| +-0f.0
| +-0f.1
| +-0f.2
| +-0f.3
| +-0f.4
| +-0f.5
| +-10.0
| +-10.1
| +-10.2
| +-10.3
| +-10.4
| +-10.5
| +-10.7
| +-13.0
| +-13.1
| +-13.4
| +-13.5
| +-16.0
| +-16.1
| \-16.2
+-[0000:80]-+-00.0-[81]--
| +-05.0
| +-05.2
| \-05.4
......

If you want to get more detailed information, you can use the following command:

lspci -vvx

-vv: Causes lspci to display more detailed information (in fact, everything a PCI device can give) in a super-verbose mode. The exact meaning of these data is not explained in this manual page, if you want to know more, please refer to /usr/include/linux/pci.h or the PCI specification.

-x: Display the first 64 bytes of the PCI configuration space image (standard header information) in hexadecimal. This parameter is useful for debugging drivers and lspci itself.

For more information about the parameters in lspci, you can view it through man lspci in the terminal.

lsblk Command

lsblk lists information about all or a specified block device. lsblk lists information about all or a specified block device. By default, the command prints all devices (except RAM disks) in a tree format.

Syntax format:

lsblk [參數]

Example of use:

By default, you can directly enter the command, similar to the following:

lsblk

Output:

NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 1.1T 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 31.3G 0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3 8:3 0 1.1T 0 part /
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom

• NAME : This is the block device name.
• MAJ:MIN : This column displays the major and minor device numbers.
• RM : This column shows whether the device is removable. Note that in this example the RM value of devices sdb and sr0 is equal to 1, which means they are removable devices.
• SIZE: This column lists the capacity size information of the device. For example, 298.1G indicates that the device size is 298.1GB, and 1K indicates that the device size is 1KB.
• RO : This item indicates whether the device is read-only. In this case, the RO value of all devices is 0, indicating that they are not read-only.
• TYPE: This column shows whether the block device is a disk or a partition on a disk. In this example, sda and sdb are the disks, while sr0 is the read-only storage (ROM).
• MOUNTPOINT : This column indicates the mount point where the device is mounted.

You can also list information about a specific device:

lsblk /dev/sda

The output is similar to:

NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 1.1T 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 31.3G 0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3 8:3 0 1.1T 0 part /

The lsblk command can also be used to list the ownership of a specific device, as well as the group and mode. You can get this information by running the following command:

lsblk -m

Output:

NAME SIZE OWNER GROUP MODE
sda 1.1T root disk brw-rw----
├─sda1 500M root disk brw-rw----
├─sda2 31.3G root disk brw-rw----
└─sda3 1.1T root disk brw-rw----
sr0 1024M root cdrom brw-rw----

For more information, enter man lsblk in the terminal.

lscpu Command

This command is used to display CPU related information. lscpu collects CPU architecture information from sysfs and /proc/cpuinfo. The output of the command is easy to read. The information output by the lscpu command includes the number of CPUs, threads, cores, sockets and Nom-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA), cache, etc. Not all columns are supported on all architectures. If an unsupported column is specified, lscpu will print the column but not display the data.

Syntax format:

lscpu [參數]

Common parameters:

By default, enter the command directly in the terminal:

lscpu

The output is similar to the following:

Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 32
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-31
Thread(s) per core: 2
Core(s) per socket: 8
Socket(s): 2
NUMA node(s): 2
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel
CPU family: 6
Model: 62
Model name: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2650 v2 @ 2.60GHz
Stepping: 4
CPU MHz: 1200.000
BogoMIPS: 5187.29
Virtualization: VT-x
L1d cache: 32K
L1i cache: 32K
L2 cache: 256K
L3 cache: 20480K
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-7,16-23
NUMA node1 CPU(s): 8-15,24-31

For more detailed command descriptions, enter the man lscpu command in the terminal.

lsusb command

The lsusb command is used to display the USB device list and detailed information of the USB devices. The USB device information displayed by the lsusb command comes from the corresponding files in the "/proc/bus/usb" directory.

Syntax format:

lsusb [參數]

Common parameters:

Example of use:

By default, enter the command directly in the terminal:

lsusb

Display a list of USB devices:

Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 046b:ff10 American Megatrends, Inc. Virtual Keyboard and Mouse
Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0424:2513 Standard Microsystems Corp. 2.0 Hub

Display the USB device list in tree format:

lsusb -t

Output:

/: Bus 02.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci_hcd/2p, 480M
|__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=hub, Driver=hub/8p, 480M
|__ Port 5: Dev 3, If 0, Class=hub, Driver=hub/3p, 480M
/: Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci_hcd/2p, 480M
|__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=hub, Driver=hub/6p, 480M
|__ Port 6: Dev 3, If 0, Class=HID, Driver=usbhid, 12M
|__ Port 6: Dev 3, If 1, Class=HID, Driver=usbhid, 12M

Display USB device details:

lsusb -v

The output is similar to:

Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Device Descriptor:
bLength 18
bDescriptorType 1
bcdUSB 2.00
bDeviceClass 9 Hub
bDeviceSubClass 0 Unused
bDeviceProtocol 0 Full speed (or root) hub
bMaxPacketSize0 64
idVendor 0x1d6b Linux Foundation
idProduct 0x0002 2.0 root hub
bcdDevice 2.06
iManufacturer 3 Linux 2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64 ehci_hcd
iProduct 2 EHCI Host Controller
iSerial 1 0000:00:1a.0
bNumConfigurations 1
Configuration Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 2
wTotalLength 25
bNumInterfaces 1
bConfigurationValue 1
iConfiguration 0
bmAttributes 0xe0
Self Powered
Remote Wakeup
MaxPower 0mA
Interface Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 4
bInterfaceNumber 0
bAlternateSetting 0
bNumEndpoints 1
bInterfaceClass 9 Hub
bInterfaceSubClass 0 Unused
bInterfaceProtocol 0 Full speed (or root) hub
iInterface 0
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN
bmAttributes 3
Transfer Type Interrupt
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0004 1x 4 bytes
bInterval 12
Hub Descriptor:
......

For more detailed description of the lsusb command, enter man lsusb in the terminal.

Final Thoughts

This article mainly explains the lspci, lsblk, lscpu and lsusb commands for viewing related hardware information in Linux. I hope that through this article you can have a preliminary understanding of these commands and know how to query information in the Linux system. I hope it will be helpful to you. I also hope that everyone will support 123WORDPRESS.COM.