Detailed explanation of several clever applications of position:sticky sticky positioning

Background: position: sticky is also called sticky positioning. Sticky positioned elements rely on the user's scrolling to switch between position:relative and position:fixed positioning. The element is positioned according to the normal document flow, and then offset relative to its nearest scrolling ancestor and containing block (nearest block-level ancestor), including table-related elements, based on the values of top, right, bottom, and left.

Sticky positioning can be thought of as a hybrid of relative and fixed positioning. Elements are relatively positioned until they cross a certain threshold, after which they become fixed. For example:

#one { position: sticky; top: 10px; }

For elements with the above styles set, the elements are relatively positioned until the viewport scrolls to a distance less than 10px from the top of the element. After that, the element will be fixed at a distance of 10px from the top until the viewport scrolls back below the threshold.

Notice:

Element positioning behaves as relative positioning until it crosses a certain threshold, and then becomes fixed positioning.
You must specify one of the top, right, bottom or left thresholds for sticky positioning to take effect. Otherwise it behaves the same as relative positioning.
The offset value does not affect the position of any other elements. This value always creates a new stacking context.
A sticky element is fixed to its nearest ancestor that has a scrolling mechanism (when the overflow of that ancestor is hidden, scroll, auto, or overlay), even if that ancestor is not the nearest actual scrollable ancestor.

Application Examples

1. Basics: Head fixation

The header navigation bar is initially positioned relatively to the top. When the page elements are scrolled, it becomes fixedly positioned similar to fixed.

<main class="main-container">
  <header class="main-header">HEADER</header>
  <div class="main-content">MAIN CONTENT</div>
  <footer class="main-footer">FOOTER</footer>
</main>

.main-container {
  max-width: 500px;
  height: 500px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  margin-top: 40px;
  overflow:auto;
}
.main-container *+* {
  margin-top: 20px;
}
.main-header {
  height: 50px;
}
.main-content {
  min-height: 600px;
}
.main-header {
  position: -webkit-sticky;
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
}

2. Basics: Fixed footer

The footer fixed effect is also a relatively fixed positioning effect at the beginning. When the page scrolls beyond the footer, the footer positioning effect becomes a relative positioning effect, which can be used to display some bottom information or advertisements.

<main class="main-container">
  <header class="main-header">HEADER</header>
  <div class="main-content">MAIN CONTENT</div>
  <footer class="main-footer">FOOTER</footer>
</main>
<div class="devide"></div>

.main-container *+* {
  margin-top: 20px;
}
.main-header {
  height: 50px;
}
.main-content {
  min-height: 600px;
}
.main-footer {
  position: -webkit-sticky;
  position: sticky;
  bottom: 0;
  border-color: red;
}
.devide {
  height: 600px;
}

3. Basics: Fixed Sidebar

When the page scrolls and the position exceeds the top threshold of the sidebar, the sidebar becomes fixed and can be used to implement a side navigation bar or side prompt information and advertising display.

<div class="scroll">
  <div class="wrapper cf">
    <div class="content">
      <h1>Scroll Down!</h1>
      <p>The habitant is a very healthy person, with a lot of physique and a lot of male fame. The body is very strong, very healthy, very active, very warm. I live in a very cold place. The air is very healthy. Mauritius is very old.</p>
      <p>I am so sick, so tired, so exhausted, so tired, so exhausted, so tired, so exhausted! I am so tired!</p>
    </div>
    <div class="sidebar">
      <h3>Sidebar</h3>
      <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Ab maxime fugiat perspiciatis.</p>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

.cf:before, .cf:after {
  content: " ";
  display: table;
  clear: both;
}
.cf {
  *zoom: 1;
}
.scroll {
  height: 500px;
  overflow: scroll;
  padding: 0 10px;
  max-width: 500px;
  margin: 40px auto;
  background: #FFFFFF;
}
.content {
  padding: 0 15px;
  width: 280px;
}
.sidebar {
  padding: 20px;
  width: 170px;
  background: #2D2D2D;
  color: #FFFFFF;
}
.content, .sidebar {
  float: left;
}
.sidebar {
  position: -webkit-sticky;
  position: sticky;
  top: 15px;
}

4. Basics: List Anchors

Only CSS can be used to achieve the page scroll anchor fixed effect, which can be used to achieve address book scrolling, log record scrolling, and other category list scrolling effects.

 <div class="container">
  <div class="list">
    <div class="list-group">
      <div class="list-header">A</div>
      <div class="list-content">
        <div>Apple</div>
        <div>Artichoke</div>
        <div>Aardvark</div>
        <div>Ant</div>
        <div>Acorn</div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <!-- ... -->
    <div class="list-group">
      <div class="list-header">D</div>
      <div class="list-content">
        <div>Dog</div>
        <div>Date</div>
        <div>Danish</div>
        <div>Dandelion</div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

@supports CSS at-rule You can specify a declaration that depends on browser support for one or more specific CSS features. This is called a feature query. This rule can be placed at the top level of your code or nested within any other conditional group rule.

@supports (position: sticky) {
  .list-header {
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
  }
}
.container {
  width: 500px;
  height: 500px;
  margin: 40px auto;
  position: relative;
  overflow:auto;
}
.list {
  min-height: 1600px;
  background: #FFFFFF;
}
.list-content {
  padding: 10px 20px;
}
.list-header {
  padding: 10px;
  background: #2D2D2D;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  position: relative;
  font-weight: bold;
}

5. Advanced: Fixed table header

Setting position: sticky on the th or tr element of the table element can fix the table header or a row, or merge multiple tables together. When you scroll to the current table, the fixed header automatically becomes the header of the current table.

<div class="container">
  <table>
    <thead>
      <tr class="red">
        <th>Name</th>
        <th>Age</th>
        <th>Job</th>
        <th>Color</th>
        <th>URL</th>
      </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <td>Lorem.</td>
        <td>Ullam.</td>
        <td>Vel.</td>
        <td>At.</td>
        <td>Quis.</td>
      </tr>
      <!-- ... -->
      <tr class="green">
        <th>Name</th>
        <th>Age</th>
        <th>Job</th>
        <th>Color</th>
        <th>URL</th>
      </tr>
     <!-- ... -->
    </tbody>
  </table>
</div>

.container {
  height: 500px;
  width: fit-content;
  margin: 40px auto;
x overflow: auto;
}
table {
  text-align: left;
  position: relative;
  border-collapse: collapse;
}
th, td {
  padding: 0.25rem;
}
tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #EFEFEF;
}
tr.red th {
  background: #dd4a63;
  color: white;
}
tr.green th {
  background: #03C03C;
  color: white;
}
tr.blue th {
  background: #1580d8;
  color: white;
}
th {
  background: white;
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
}

6. Advanced: Page Progress Bar (Simple)

By using position: sticky; positioning, you can achieve a page browsing progress bar effect. The following is a demonstration of a simple progress bar. In actual implementation, you can set the elements that have not been scrolled to the top to transparent color, and turn them blue when they are scrolled to the top.

<div class="container">
  <h1>Sticky Progress</h1>
  <div class="sticky"></div>
  <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Voluptatem, cumque? A, est perferendis explicabo odit possimus quisquam rem ad tempore ipsa, obcaecati ex culpa similique, aliquam corporis. Quis, nostrum expedita.</p>
  <!-- ... -->
  <div class="sticky"></div>
  <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Voluptatem, cumque? A, est perferendis explicabo odit possimus quisquam rem ad tempore ipsa, obcaecati ex culpa similique, aliquam corporis. Quis, nostrum expedita.</p>
</div>

.container {
  width: 500px;
  height: 500px;
  overflow:auto;
  margin: 40px auto 40px;
  padding-bottom: 500px;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
.sticky {
  width: 50px;
  height: 10px;
  background: rgba(36, 167, 254, 0.979);
  position: -webkit-sticky;
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
}
.sticky:nth-of-type(2) {
  transform: translateX(50px);
}
.sticky:nth-of-type(3) {
  transform: translateX(100px);
}
.sticky:nth-of-type(4) {
// ... 
.sticky:nth-of-type(10) {
  transform: translateX(450px);
}

7. Advanced: Page progress bar (optimization)

The optimized progress bar supports browsing progress percentage display, which helps improve the user experience.

<article>
  <div class="article-title">
    <h1>Page Progress Bar Example</h1>
    <div class="progress-wrapper">
      <div class="progress-label"></div>
      <progress></progress>
    </div>
  </div>
  <img src=""/>
  <p><em>All images provided at random from Codepen assets. All ipsum text provided by officeipsum.com.</em></p>
  <p>Face time level the playing field highlights. Bake it in quick win bench mark, or paddle on both sides. Re-inventing the wheel. What do you feel you would bring to the table if you were hired for this position drink from the firehose, but quarterly sales are at an all-time low or can you ballpark the cost per unit for me we are running out of runway.</p>
  <!-- ... -->
  <img src=""/>
  <p>Meeting assassin enough to wash your face so after I ran into Helen at a restaurant, I realized she was just office pretty good optics put a record on and see who dances, yet we're ahead of the curve on that one, or personal development. Bench mark beef up helicopter view highlights take five, punch the tree, and come back in here with a clear head, so translating our vision of having a market leading platfrom nor what's the status on the deliverables for eow?.</p>
</article>

:root {
  --progress-bar-height: 4px;
  --progress-bar-color: gainsboro;
  --progress-bar-value-color: dodgerblue;
  --progress-bar-value: 20%;
}
article {
  position: relative;
  padding: 24px;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 700px;
  margin: 60px auto;
}
.article-title {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 24px;
}
img {
  width: 100%;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}
.progress-wrapper {
  position: relative;
}
.progress-label {
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  font-size: 14px;
}
progress
  -webkit-appearance: none;
  -moz-appearance: none;
  appearance: none;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
  height: var(--progress-bar-height);
  background-color: var(--progress-bar-color);
  border: none;
}
progress::-moz-progress-bar {
  background-color: var(--progress-bar-value-color);
}
progress::-webkit-progress-bar {
  background-color: var(--progress-bar-color);
}
progress::-webkit-progress-value {
  background-color: var(--progress-bar-value-color);
}
progress::-ms-fill {
  background-color: var(--progress-bar-value-color);
}

Calculate and display percentages

$(document).ready(function() {
  const win = $(window);
  const doc = $(document);
  const progressBar = $('progress');
  const progressLabel = $('.progress-label');
  const setValue = () => win.scrollTop();
  const setMax = () => doc.height() - win.height();
  const setPercent = () => Math.round(win.scrollTop() / (doc.height() - win.height()) * 100);
  progressLabel.text(setPercent() + '%');
  progressBar.attr({ value: setValue(), max: setMax() });
  doc.on('scroll', () => {
    progressLabel.text(setPercent() + '%');
    progressBar.attr({ value: setValue() });
  });
  win.on('resize', () => {
    progressLabel.text(setPercent() + '%');
    progressBar.attr({ value: setValue(), max: setMax() });
  })
});

8. Advanced: Timeline

The timeline is an upgraded version of the above list anchor and can be used in applications such as yearbook display, notepad, tudo list, etc.

<div id="wrapper">
  <div id="container">
    <h1>Timeline</h1>
    <ol class="timeline">
      <li>
        <h2>1997</h2>
        <ol>
          <li>
            <h3>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit</h3>
            <p>It is not purus vel orci molestie consequat.</p>
          </li>
          <li>
            <h3>Etiam and velocity in the arc and consectetur aliquet and eu metus</h3>
            <p>Sed vitae diam rhoncus, imperdiet nunc quis, lacinia nulla.</p>
          </li>
        </ol>
      </li>
      <!-- ... -->
      <li>
        <h2>Today</h2>
      </li>
    </ol>
  </div>
</div>

ol.timeline ol, ol.timeline, html, body {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
*, *:before, *:after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
#wrapper {
  margin: 0 auto;
  max-width: 64em;
}
#container {
  float: left;
  padding: 1em;
  width: 100%;
}
h1, h2 {
  text-align: center;
}
ol.timeline， ol.timeline ol {
  list-style: none;
}
ol.timeline>li {
  padding-left: 2px;
  position: relative;
}
ol.timeline>li:before {
  background-color: #a2ed56;
  content: "";
  height: 100%;
  left: 0;
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  width: 2px;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 40em) {
  ol.timeline>li:before {
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
  }
}
ol.timeline>li>h2 {
  background-color: #a2ed56;
  color: #1d1f20;
  margin: 0;
  position: -webkit-sticky;
  position: sticky;
  text-transform:uppercase;
  top: 0;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 40em) {
  ol.timeline>li>h2 {
    border-radius: 0.25em;
    margin: 0 auto;
    margin-bottom: 1em;
    max-width: 200px;
  }
}
ol.timeline>li>ol {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
ol.timeline>li>ol>li {
  border-top: 2px solid #a2ed56;
  flex: 0 0 100%;
  padding: 0 0 0.5em 1em;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 40em) {
  ol.timeline>li>ol>li {
    flex-basis: 50%;
  }
  ol.timeline>li>ol>li:nth-child(odd) {
    padding-left: 0;
    padding-right: 1em;
  }
  ol.timeline>li>ol>li:nth-child(even) {
    margin-top: 2em;
    padding-right: 0;
  }
}
ol.timeline>li>ol>li>h3:first-child {
  color: #a2ed56;
  margin-bottom: -0.75em;
}
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+2):before,
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+2)>h2 {
  background-color: #83e4e2;
}
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+2)>ol>li {
  border-color: #83e4e2;
}
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+2)>ol>li h3 {
  color: #83e4e2;
}
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+3):before,
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+3)>h2 {
  background-color: #fd6470;
}
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+3)>ol>li {
  border-color: #fd6470;
}
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+3)>ol>li h3 {
  color: #fd6470;
}
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+4):before,
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+4)>h2 {
  background-color: #fca858;
}
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+4)>ol>li {
  border-color: #fca858;
}
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+4)>ol>li h3 {
  color: #fca858;
}
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+5):before,
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+5)>h2 {
  background-color: #fddc32;
}
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+5)>ol>li {
  border-color: #fddc32;
}
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+5)>ol>li h3 {
  color: #fddc32;
}
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+6):before,
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+6)>h2 {
  background-color: #fafafa;
}
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+6)>ol>li {
  border-color: #fafafa;
}
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+6)>ol>li h3 {
  color: #fafafa;
}

9. Advanced: Text stacking effect

<p>A <b>scroll</b> (from the Old French <i>escroe</i> or <i>escroue</i>), also known as a <b>roll</b>, is a roll of papyrus, parchment, or paper containing writing.</p>
<h2>Structure</h2>
<p>A scroll is usually divided up into pages, which are sometimes separate sheets of papyrus or parchment glued
  together at the edges, or may be marked divisions of a continuous roll of writing material. The scroll is usually
  unrolled so that one page is exposed at a time, for writing or reading, with the remaining pages rolled up to the
  left and right of the visible page. It is unrolled from side to side, and the text is written in lines from the top
  to the bottom of the page. Depending on the language, the letters may be written left to right, right to left, or
  alternating in direction (boustrophedon).</p>
<p>Some scrolls are simply rolled up pages; others may have wooden rollers on each end: Torah scrolls have rather
  elaborate rollers befitting their ceremonial function.</p>
<h2>History of scroll use</h2>
<p>Scrolls were the first form of editable record keeping texts, used in Eastern Mediterranean ancient Egyptian
  civilizations. Parchment scrolls were used by the Israelites among others before the codex or bound book with
  Parchment pages were invented by the Romans, which became popular around the 1st century AD. Scrolls were more highly
  regarded than codices until well into Roman times, where they were usually written in single latitudinal column.</p>
<p>The ink used in writing scrolls had to adhere to a surface that was rolled and unrolled, so special inks were
  developed. Even so, ink would slowly flake off of scrolls.</p>
<h2>Rolls</h2>
<p>Rolls recording UK Acts of Parliament held in the Parliamentary Archives, Palace of Westminster, London</p>

html {
  margin: 0 auto;
  overflow:auto;
  position: relative;
  text-align: justify;
  font-size: 32px;
  background: #FDFC47;
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(to right, #24FE41, #FDFC47);
  background: linear-gradient(to right, #24FE41, #FDFC47);
}
body {
  max-width: 500px;
  height: 500px;
  overflow:auto;
  color: #2D2D2D;
  margin: 40px auto;
  background: #FFFFFF;
}
body::after, *::before, span {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0em;
  bottom: 0em;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
p, h2, div {
  display: inline;
  font-size: 1rem;
}
h2::before {
  content: "§ ";
}
p::before {
  content: "¶ ";
}
h2 {
  color: rgba(255, 100, 100, 1);
}
b, i {
  color: rgba(255, 100, 100, 0.7);
}

[].forEach.call(document.querySelectorAll("p,li,h2,a"), function (el) {
  el.innerHTML = el.innerHTML
    .split(" ")
    .map(word => `<span>${word}</span>`)
    .join(" ");
});
// Automatically trigger scrolling function autoscroll() {
  document.scrollingElement.scrollBy({ top: 10, behavior: "smooth" });
}
var INTRVL = setInterval(autoscroll, 100);
function stop() {
  clearInterval(INTRVL);
}
document.documentElement.addEventListener("mousemove", stop);

10. Advanced: Jigsaw Effect

<div class="container">
  <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.0" width="450" height="450">
    <path vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke"
      d="M0,0L150,0 M150,0L149.56893390347997,15.321019590342566C149.13786780695992,30.64203918068513,148.2757356139198,61.28407836137026,140.06938800617533,66.48104320534887C131.86304039843085,71.67800804932747,116.31247737598203,51.42989855659955,106.0863237976504,55.4571772015448C95.86017021931877,59.48445584649006,90.9584260851044,87.78712262910848,98.31560238205316,93.31985483432332C105.67277867900191,98.85258703953816,125.28887540711382,81.6153846673494,135.9460950819655,87.26708643206159C146.60331475681716,92.91878819677378,148.30165737840858,121.45939409838688,149.1508286892043,135.72969704919345L150,150 M150,150L136.2498867270519,151.19262015043395C122.49977345410377,152.3852403008679,94.99954690820755,154.7704806017358,88.63886136501219,149.5799358844125C82.27817582181684,144.38939116708917,97.05703128132234,131.62306143157463,91.89335174152377,123.41848757977095C86.72967220172522,115.21391372796728,61.62345766262259,111.57109575987448,57.41601665267879,118.35387216181743C53.20857564273499,125.13664856376043,69.89990816195004,142.34501933573918,63.81370097469671,149.3569730371089C57.727493787443386,156.36892673847862,28.863746893721693,153.1844633692393,14.431873446860846,151.59223168461963L0,150 M0,150L0,0">
    </path>
  </svg>
  <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.0" width="450" height="450">
    <path vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke"
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.container {
  width: 470px;
  margin: 40px auto;
  background: #FFFFFF;
  height: 450px;
  overflow:auto;
}
svg {
  position: -webkit-sticky;
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
}
path {
  fill: none;
  stroke: #2D2D2D;
  stroke-width: 1.5px;
}

Other excellent cases

Calendar: https://codepen.io/dannievinther/details/pGdjPV
Paragraph display https://codepen.io/BurmesePotato/pen/qBbqpNB
Slide Cards https://codepen.io/Kseso/pen/JyEWoP
Waterfall https://codepen.io/collinsworth/pen/aEJGvg
Subtitle article title https://codepen.io/coderthegreat/details/abzrOpg
Mouse wheel control element https://codepen.io/equinusocio/pen/GeBxJz
Page layout https://codepen.io/havardob/details/gOPNpmm
Page layout https://codepen.io/ncerminara/pen/VdLpzd

compatibility

As shown in the figure below, not all browsers currently support the skicky positioning mode, and it is not recommended to be widely used in large applications. However, there are already js shims similar to Stickfill that support browsers that do not implement sticky positioning. You can try using shims to be compatible with more projects and browsers 😂.

polyfill

Stickyfill: https://github.com/wilddeer/stickyfill

This concludes this article on several clever applications of position:sticky sticky positioning. For more relevant position:sticky sticky positioning content, please search 123WORDPRESS.COM’s previous articles or continue browsing the related articles below. I hope that everyone will support 123WORDPRESS.COM in the future!

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